Disentangling national and religious identification as predictors of support for religious minority rights among Christian majority groups

Abstract

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Support for religious minorities' rights among (non)religious national majority group members: A motivational approach to worldviews

“…1 1 This study complements a previously published study based on the same data set, by taking a motivational approach. Our previous study (Eskelinen et al, 2022) showed that while national identification was not associated with support for Muslims’ or other religious minorities’ rights, higher religious identification predicted higher support for these rights. Both forms of identification were associated with higher perceived diversity threat.…”

“…The direction of estimates mostly remained the same, but the interactions were not significant, likely attributable to a significant drop in sample sizes. Finally, we checked that changing the dependent variable into support for the rights of Muslims living in [Australia/Finland/Germany/Norway] (reported in Eskelinen et al, 2022) did not change the pattern of findings. The results of these additional analyses can be found in the Supporting Information.…”

“…In the context of (non)religious worldview conflicts, we argue that increasing religious diversity can be perceived as threatening among both religious and non‐religious majority members, as it might threaten social cohesion in the country as a whole. Thus, as a counterforce to (non)religious worldview motive satisfaction, we predict reluctance to support religious minorities' rights with religious diversity threat—a specific kind of symbolic threat (Stephan et al, 2009) posed by growing religious diversity that is perceived to threaten national majorities' (non)religious worldviews and social cohesion in secularised countries with Christian heritage (see also Eskelinen et al, 2022). This approach to increasing religious diversity resembles the notion of system identity threat, that is, “a perception that society's fundamental, defining values are under siege due to social change” (Federico, Williams, & Vitriol, 2018, p. 927).…”

Multiple existential threats and attitudes towards Muslims in Finland and Italy during the COVID‐19 pandemic

“…For example, it has been found that individuals respond to various existential threats by derogating outgroups (Stephan, 2014), favouring ingroups (Giannakakis & Fritsche, 2011), or excluding minorities (Van der Zee & Van der Gang, 2007). Previous research has specifically shown that perceived symbolic (cultural) (Eskelinen et al, 2022) and realistic (material) threats (Esses, Dovidio, Jackson, & Armstrong, 2001) are both associated with more negative attitudes towards Muslims. Nevertheless, it seems that at best, perceived threats can also bring people together.…”

Динамика Установок Формирования Толерантности В Семье У Представителей Различных Социальных Групп

“…Так как Европа тоже столкнулась с ростом террористической деятельности и иммиграционным потоком, там, как и в российской психологии, обсуждаются проблемы терроризма (Fischer-Preßler et al, 2019). Большая группа исследований посвящена поиску взаимопонимания между представителями различных религий (Eskelinen et al, 2022;Husain, 2020;Edwards, 2018;Mansouri & Vergani, 2018) и интеграции беженцев (Albanesi et al, 2019), куда включаются общественный контекст (Akbarzadeh & Roose, 2011), различия культурных ценностей, проблема национальной идентичности (van der Werf et al, 2022).…”