In the article, from the modern standpoint, the pathogenetic and clinical characteristics of PCS as a dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi are given, the mechanisms for the development of this pathology, the principles of therapy with the inclusion of the drug Rowachol, containing six plant monoterpenes, are disclosed. The materials of our own observations of the treatment of patients with Oddi sphincter dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by Rowachol are presented. Anti-inflammatory, litholytic, hypocholesterolemic and pleiotropic effects of Rowachol have been proved. Rowachol should be positioned as a pathogenetic natural remedy for treatment of Oddi sphincter dysfunction and biliary sludge in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis.