Disgust sensitivity, blood-injection-injury fear, and dental anxiety

Blood-injection-injury fears: Harm- vs. disgust-relevant selective outcome associations

“…The items are rated on a five-point scale with 1 indicating 'no fear' and 5 indicating 'extreme fear'. The scale has been shown to have high internal consistency (Cronbach a ¼ .82; Merckelbach et al, 1999; in the present sample a ¼ .81). During the day of the experiment participants also completed the BIQ-faint (Merckelbach et al, 1999), which asks respondents to indicate for all 10 situations that are covered by the BIQ how often they felt faint in this particular situation on a three point scale (1 ¼ never; 2 ¼ sometimes; 3 ¼ often).…”

“…Obviously, such an approach may hamper the generalizability of our results. Participants were selected on the basis of their scores on the Blood Injection-Injury Questionnaire (BIQ; Merckelbach, Muris, de Jong & deJongh, 1999). The BIQ was part of large scale screening among all first year psychology students of the University of Groningen (N ¼ 321).…”

“…Blood Injection-Injury Questionnaire (BIQ): The BIQ (Merckelbach et al, 1999) is a 10-item questionnaire containing the five BII items from the Fear Questionnaire (FQ; Marks & Mathews, 1979) and five non-overlapping BII items from the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS; Wolpe & Lang, 1964). The items are rated on a five-point scale with 1 indicating 'no fear' and 5 indicating 'extreme fear'.…”

The Multi-Dimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory: Its psychometric properties and relationship with disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity

“…On the second part, participants indicate their fainting history for these items on a scale from 0 (='never') to 2 (='often'; range: 0-20). Internal consistency is satisfactory (all 's > .73 ;Merckelbach, Muris, de Jong, & de Jongh, 1999).…”

Characteristics of Blood-Injection-Injury Fears in People Receiving Intravenous Chemotherapy

“…De Jong and Merckelbach (1998) found an association between the death and envelope violation sub-scales of the DS and scores on the Blood Injury Phobia Questionnaire (see Merckelbach et al 1999) in a sample of 96 female students. The DS sub-scales death and envelope violations are argued to reflect aspects of disgust that remind people of their animal origins and vulnerability (animal reminder disgust) rather than core disgust, which is an "adaptive oral defense mechanism preventing people (and animals) from bacteriological and viral contamination" (p. 157).…”