Dishwashers provide a selective extreme environment for human-opportunistic yeast-like fungi

Gümral, Ramazan; Özhak-Baysan, Betil; Tümgör, Ayşegül; Saraçlı, Mehmet Ali; Yıldıran, Ş. T.; İlkit, Macit; Zupančič, Jerneja; Babič, Monika Novak; Gunde‐Cimerman, Nina; Zalar, Polona; Hoog, G.S. de

doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0327-8

Cited by 56 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The antifungal activities of only the ethanol extracts of the hackberry mesocarp and leaves were tested against eight ubiquitous opportunistic pathogenic fungi: Saprochaaete clavata EX 5631, Candida albicans EX 9382, Candida papapsilosis EX 9370, Aureobasidium pullulans EX 3105, Aspergillus fumigatus EX 8280, Fusarium dimerum EX 9214, Exophiala dermatitidis EX 5586, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa EX 9762, as the most frequent fungal colonizers of dishwashers (Zalar et al 2011;(Gümral et al 2015) and washing machines (Babič et al 2015) around the world. All of the fungal cultures are deposited in the Ex Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi, as part of the Infrastructural Centre Mycosmo (MRICUL) at the Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.…”

Section: Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional, antioxidative, and antimicrobial analysis of the Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.)

Ota

Višnjevec

Vidrih

et al. 2016

Food Science & Nutrition

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Celtis australis is a deciduous tree commonly known as Mediterranean hackberry or the European nettle tree. The fruit of hackberry are seldom used for nutritional purposes. The nutritional and physicochemical properties of ripe hackberry fruit from Istria (Marasi village near Vrsar, Croatia) were determined, including water, total fiber, protein, vitamin, mineral, and phenolic contents. This analysis demonstrates that the hackberry fruit is a valuable source of dietary fiber, protein, and vitamins, and of pigments such as lutein, β‐carotene, zeaxanthin, and tocopherols. The seasonal differences associated with the different growth stages for the element composition, total phenolic content, and phenolic profile were also determined for hackberry mesocarp and leaves. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from mesocarp and leaves harvested at different growth stages and their phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. This study demonstrates that water and ethanol extracts of hackberry fruit and leaves collected at different growth stages contain epicatechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, delphinidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, and pelargonidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside. They also show some antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Further studies are needed to identify and define the active ingredients of these hackberry leaf ethanol extracts.

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Section: Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional, antioxidative, and antimicrobial analysis of the Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.)

Ota

Višnjevec

Vidrih

et al. 2016

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…From a microbiological perspective, urban life has created manmade environments which provide extreme conditions (Gümral et al, 2016). Dishwashers and carwashes have been categorized as some of the man-made extreme environments housing extremophilic fungi (Zalar, Novak, De Hoog, & Gunde-Cimerman, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential biotechnological capabilities of cultivable mycobiota from carwash effluents

Sibanda¹,

Selvarajan²,

Tekere³

et al. 2017

MicrobiologyOpen

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Urban life has created man‐made extreme environments like carwashes. These environments have, however, not been sufficiently explored for mycobiota that can be sources of biotechnologically useful products, as has been the case with natural extreme environments. Using a combination of culture and molecular techniques, fungi from carwash effluents was characterized for production of lipase and cellulase enzymes, nonpolar and polar biotechnologically relevant secondary metabolites and hydrocarbon utilization. The isolated fungal strains belonged to the genera Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Peyronellaea, Rhizopus, Spegazzinia, Trichoderma, Ulocladium and Yarrowia. Sixty‐six percent (66%) of the fungal isolates were found to be able to metabolize naphthalene and benzanthracene, showing potential for application in bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted sites. Lipase production by the isolates Penicillium sp. BPS3 (2.61 U/ml), Trichoderma sp. BPS9 (2.01 U/ml), Rhizopus sp. CAL1 (2.05 U/ml), Penicillium sp. PCW1 (2.99 U/ml) and Penicillium sp. SAS1 (2.16 U/ml) compared well with previously recorded lipase production levels by other fungi. The highest producers of cellulase were Penicillium sp. SAS1 (12.10 U/ml), Peyronella sp. CAW5 (4.49 U/ml) and Cladosporium sp. SAS3 (4.07 U/ml), although these activities were lower than previously reported levels. GC‐MS analysis of the fungal secondary metabolites resulted in identification of 572 compounds, including azulene, methanamine, N‐pentylidene, metoclopramide, and mepivacaine while compounds determined by UHPLC‐MS included 10‐undecen‐1‐ol, piquerol A, 10‐undecyn‐1‐ol, cyclo(leucylprolyl) and rac‐etomidate. These compounds were previously determined to have various activities including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory properties. The study demonstrated that fungi from carwash effluents are natural sources of some biotechnologically important products.

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“…Exophiala species are able to decompose aromatic hydrocarbons, assimilate different detergents, and can survive under harsh and extreme conditions, including high temperature, high pH, and up to 17% NaCl . Clinically significant species tend to be thermotolerant . These abilities suggest that Exophiala species by nature are clinical species, occupying relatively extreme (micro)niches to evade competition by rapidly growing microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…heteromorpha (Table ). The strains were previously identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐sequencing (Refgen Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey), genotyped, and their physiological characteristics were determined . All strains are stored in the Division of Mycology at Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outside of a human host, members of the genus Exophiala are frequently encountered in human‐made environments, including creosote‐treated wood such as that found in railway sleepers, as well as in hot and humid, nutrient‐poor environments such as Turkish and Finnish saunas, bathrooms, dishwashers and washing machines . Some Exophiala species also occur on rocks, and in drinking and ground water .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence markers of opportunistic black yeast in Exophiala

Sav

Özakkaş

Altinbaş

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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The black yeast genus Exophiala is known to cause a wide variety of diseases in severely ill individuals but can also affect immunocompetent individuals. Virulence markers and other physiological parameters were tested in eight clinical and 218 environmental strains, with a specific focus on human-dominated habitats for the latter. Urease and catalase were consistently present in all samples; four strains expressed proteinase and three strains expressed DNase, whereas none of the strains showed phospholipase, haemolysis, or co-haemolysis activities. Biofilm formation was identified in 30 (13.8%) of the environmental isolates, particularly in strains from dishwashers, and was noted in only two (25%) of the clinical strains. These results indicate that virulence factors are inconsistently present in the investigated Exophiala species, suggesting opportunism rather than pathogenicity.

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Dishwashers provide a selective extreme environment for human-opportunistic yeast-like fungi

Cited by 56 publications

References 43 publications

Nutritional, antioxidative, and antimicrobial analysis of the Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.)

Nutritional, antioxidative, and antimicrobial analysis of the Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.)

Potential biotechnological capabilities of cultivable mycobiota from carwash effluents

Virulence markers of opportunistic black yeast in Exophiala

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