Disinfection and Biocompatibility of Titanium Surfaces Treated with Glycine Powder Airflow and Triple Antibiotic Mixture: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare three disinfection protocols of biofilm-coated machined (MAC) and acid etched (SLA) commercial pure Grade 4 Titanium disks. Samples were infected with a vial of polymicrobial biofilm to simulate peri-implantitis in vitro. Seventeen MAC and twenty SLA titanium disks were randomly assigned to: (1) glycine powder air-flow (GYPAP) for 1 min; (2) a local delivered triple paste antibiotic composed by a gel mixture with ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin (3MIX) for 1 h; and (3) a combination of both (GYPAP + 3MIX). Biocompatibility of the titanium disks after each treatment protocol was assessed by measurement of adhesion and growth of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) after 24 and 72 h. A confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) assessed the antibacterial effect of each treatment. Data of the antibacterial efficacy and cell viability were presented as mean with standard deviation and calculated by one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons via Bonferroni tests. Results were considered significant with p < 0.05. The higher cell viability was achieved by the 3MIX and GYPAP combination on the SLA surfaces after 72 h. CLSM analysis showed a mean ratio of dead bacteria statistically higher in the 3MIX + GYPAP group compared with the GYPAP and 3MIX subgroups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, data showed that the combination of GYPAP and 3MIX could be preferred to the other protocols, especially in presence of SLA titanium surface.

Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Titanium and Zirconia Implant Abutments: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews

“…Abutment material has shown to be able to affect the stability of peri-implant mucosa and crestal bone as well [ 19 ]. When selecting the materials for abutments, clear prerequisites are a proven biological compatibility for assuring long-term stability, together with optimal biomechanical and physical properties [ 20 , 21 ].…”

“…Apart from gold, ceramic might also be considered as an alternative material for customized implant abutments. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence to support or refute the use of porcelain (including feldspatic) for this specific purpose, but some authors report the use of feldspatic ceramic as a valid coating material for veneers, with an acceptable soft tissues margin adaptation [ 21 ].…”

Dental Implant Surface Decontamination and Surface Change of an Electrolytic Method versus Mechanical Approaches: A Pilot In Vitro Study

“…The particle jet system is a widely studied method, especially when using sodium bicarbonate particles [ 22 , 24 , 27 , 28 ] and glycine [ 13 , 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. It has been found that when smaller particle sizes such as glycine (25 μm) or erythritol (14 μm) are used, the surface changes are not significant compared to sodium bicarbonate (40-65 μm), which has larger particle sizes and consequently higher abrasive power [ 22 ].…”

“…Among the peri-implant therapeutic approaches, the most commonly used can be categorised into four groups: mechanical, chemical, antibiotic and laser [ 4 , 13 ]. A number of methods, such as titanium brushing, particle blasting and, more recently, the electrolytic approach, have shown good results in the decontamination of titanium surfaces, with each method having a different effect on the surface structure [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Antibacterial Adhesion Strategy for Dental Titanium Implant Surfaces: From Mechanisms to Application

“…Biofilms are considered to be the initiating factor of peri-implantitis [ 31 ]. Scientists have conducted many studies to determine how to efficiently remove biofilms [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Preventing biofilm formation is the most important way to avoid peri-implantitis and implant failure [ 35 ].…”