Disinfection Impacts to Drinking Water Safety—A Review

Tsitsifli, Stavroula; Kanakoudis, Vasilis

doi:10.3390/proceedings2110603

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Disinfection byproducts can cause many different types of cancers (5,13,36), but some types are more likely to be developed due to exposure to DBPs. Previous studies showed that the most common cancers in laboratory animals, due to exposure to DBPs, are renal cancer, intestinal carcinoma, hepatocellular tumors, mesothelioma, and 2…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Disinfection By-products and Their Carcinogenicity; A Review of an Unseen Crisis

et al. 2019

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Context: Cancer continues to be the first cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world, while the incidence of cancer is expected to increase by 50% over the next 20 years. Since the incidence of most of the cancers is increasing daily, it has been more important to find related environmental risk factors. The epidemiological evidence indicates the effect of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) through drinking water, as an environmental exposure, on most of the cancers. The goal of the current study was to combine the results of most recent publications regarding the relationship between DBPs and their carcinogenic effects. Evidence Acquisition: Using the main keywords of "cancer", "drinking water", and "disinfection byproducts", a comprehensive search was done among several research databases. Results: Based on the previous studies, DBPs could cause most types of cancers, mainly including gastrointestinal, renal, bladder, breast, liver, and thyroid cancers. Liver and renal cancers are the most common target organs for toxicity by DBPs. Among the various DBPs, trihalomethanes are the most studied due to their relatively high prevalence and concentration in drinking water. Also, haloacetic acids, such as trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid, have been known as one of the most affecting risk factors. Unregulated DBPs, such as Mutagen X and Formaldehyde, are also of importance as they mostly have irreversible systemic effects. Providing safe drinking water resources, restriction of unreasonable usage of disinfectants, and alternating disinfectants with less harmful products could be the possible ways to overcome this crisis. Conclusions: Disinfection byproducts can result in cancer development, especially in liver and kidneys. Providing safe drinking water resources, using the membrane filters and changing the chlorination point are effective ways to encounter the risk of DBP poisoning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Disinfection By-products and Their Carcinogenicity; A Review of an Unseen Crisis

et al. 2019

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“…However, an early warning system integrating monitoring, modelling, and optimization tools is lacking. The disinfection methods and the models developed so far, which present the basic principles for the development of an early warning system, are considered by Tsitsifli and Kanakoudis [109]. It should be mentioned that the WHO has developed guidelines for drinking-water quality in which filtration and disinfection processes are highly considered [110].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Focusing on the Hellenic World: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Angelakιs

Dercas

Tzanakakis

2022

Water

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Water quality is a fundamental issue for the survival of a city, especially on dry land. In ancient times, water availability determined the location and size of villages and cities. Water supply and treatment methods were developed and perfected along with the evolution of urbanization. In Europe, after the fall of the Roman Empire, water supply and sewage systems went through fundamental changes. However, in medieval times, the lack of proper sanitation and low water quality increased the spreading and effects of epidemics. The importance of potable water quality was established during modern times. In Greece, the significance of water filtration and disinfection was not understood until the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, the beneficial effects of water quality and sanitation on human health and especially on life expectancy are considered. In Greece and other countries, a dramatic increase in life expectancy mainly after the 2nd World War is probably due to the improvement of potable water quality and hygiene conditions. However, since the mid-20th century, new water quality issues have emerged, such as eutrophication, the improvement of water treatment technologies, as well as chemical and microbiological water pollution problems. This study, in addition to the historical evolution of water quality, highlights and discusses the current issues and challenges with regard to the management and protection of water quality, including global changes in population and urbanization, lack of infrastructure, use of nonconventional water resources, spreading of emerging pollutants and contaminants (e.g., antibiotics and microplastics), and climatic variability impacts. Against these, a review of the main proposed strategies and measures is presented and discussed to protect water quality and maintain water supplies for the future. Understanding the practices and solutions of the past provides a lens with which to view the present and future.

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“…While the overall picture looks promising, a review of 17 APRs in northern Chile found that organizations that operate in small remote localities with less than 500 people presented problems in their water quality [33]. Disinfection processes carry their own risks to water quality [34]; however, to the authors' knowledge, no incidences of these problems have emerged in these organizations.…”

Section: Chilean Context Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships as a Basis for Safe Drinking Water Provision by Cooperatives in Rural Chile

Pareja

Fuentes

Arriagada

2022

Water

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While access to drinking water has expanded worldwide, safely managed provision is still a challenge, and rural areas are specially underserved. To provide safe drinking water for these areas, water scholars and international organizations have advocated for community-based organizations or coproduction schemes. The literature often mentions that institutions and people play a key role in the provision of drinking water although the specific mechanisms through which they may affect the process of maintaining good quality water have not been reported yet. The article aims to fill this gap by providing a complex, local view on this process. In Chile, from 1960 onwards, the State has implemented cooperatives to provide for drinking water in rural and small-town areas under a coproduction scheme. In this scheme, the State provides the infrastructure, and the community is responsible for service provision. We analysed the water quality of six of these cooperatives and conducted interviews with water managers and leaders. Our research suggests that formal and informal relationships provide the links and motivation needed for the organizations continuous work. These results highlight how relevant it is to keep in mind the context and the public role of delivering safe drinking water.

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Disinfection Impacts to Drinking Water Safety—A Review

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Drinking Water Disinfection By-products and Their Carcinogenicity; A Review of an Unseen Crisis

Drinking Water Disinfection By-products and Their Carcinogenicity; A Review of an Unseen Crisis

Water Quality Focusing on the Hellenic World: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Relationships as a Basis for Safe Drinking Water Provision by Cooperatives in Rural Chile

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