Disinfection of Oral Rehydration Solutions by Sunlight

Acra, A.; Karahagopian, Y.; Raffoul, Z.; Dajani, Rashid

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92530-1

Cited by 93 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…8 In South Africa, a SODIS intervention showed significant reductions in diarrheal disease in highly motivated participants but no disease reduction in less motivated participants, indicating dependence of SODIS upon user participation. 9 Although the disinfecting effects of solar radiation on drinking water were first reported 30 years ago, 10 a survey of 67 low-and medium-income countries for HWT practices revealed that 0.2% of surveyed homes used SODIS, compared with 21.0% boiling, 5.7% adding bleach, and 4.2% filtering their water. 3 Although shorter wavelength UV-C is capable of direct damage of nucleic acids through formation of thymine dimers, these wavelengths are almost entirely absorbed in the Earth's stratosphere, along with the majority of the sun's UV-B radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Limes and Synthetic Psoralens to Enhance Solar Disinfection of Water (SODIS): A Laboratory Evaluation with Norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2

Harding¹,

Schwab²

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We investigated the use of psoralens and limes to enhance solar disinfection of water (SODIS) using an UV lamp and natural sunlight experiments. SODIS conditions were replicated using sunlight, 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, and tap water with Escherichia coli, MS2 bacteriophage, and murine norovirus (MNV). Psoralens and lime acidity both interact synergistically with UV radiation to accelerate inactivation of microbes. Escherichia coli was ablated > 6.1 logs by SODIS + Lime Slurry and 5.6 logs by SODIS + Lime Juice in 30-minute solar exposures, compared with a 1.5 log reduction with SODIS alone (N = 3; P < 0.001). MS2 was inactivated > 3.9 logs by SODIS + Lime Slurry, 1.9 logs by SODIS + Lime Juice, and 1.4 logs by SODIS in 2.5-hour solar exposures (N = 3; P < 0.05). MNV was resistant to SODIS, with < 2 log reductions after 6 hours. Efficacy of SODIS against human norovirus should be investigated further.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Limes and Synthetic Psoralens to Enhance Solar Disinfection of Water (SODIS): A Laboratory Evaluation with Norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2

Harding¹,

Schwab²

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The water is considered microbiologically safe to drink after a minimum of 6 h exposure (Acra et al 1980;McGuigan et al 1998;Dejung et al 2007). It is recommended that solar disinfected water is consumed within 24 h of exposure.…”

Section: Solar Disinfection (Sodis) Is a Water Treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary Ames fluctuation assay assessment of the genotoxicity of drinking water that has been solar disinfected in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles

Ubomba-Jaswa

Fernández‐Ibáñez

McGuigan

2010

Journal of Water and Health

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Though microbially safe, concerns have been raised about the genotoxic/mutagenic quality of solar-disinfected drinking water, which might be compromised as a result of photodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles used as SODIS reactors. This study assessed genotoxic risk associated with the possible release of genotoxic compounds into water from PET bottles during SODIS, using the Ames fluctuation test. Negative genotoxicity results were obtained for water samples that had been in PET bottles and exposed to normal SODIS conditions (strong natural sunlight) over 6 months. Under SODIS conditions, bottles were exposed to 6 h of sunlight, followed by overnight room temperature storage. They were then emptied and refilled the following day and exposed to sunlight again. Genotoxicity was detected after 2 months in water stored in PET bottles and exposed continuously (without refilling) to sunlight for a period ranging from 1 to 6 months. However, similar genotoxicity results were also observed for the dark control (without refill) samples at the same time-point and in no other samples after that time; therefore it is unlikely that this genotoxicity event is related to solar exposure.

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“…In the developing countries, where sophisticated water purification methods are not available, solar water disinfection (SODIS) revealed a great potential to reduce the global diarrhoeal diseases burden, which affects over 1.8 million people (Meierhofer and Landolt, 2009;Acra et al, 1980). .…”

Section: Solar Energy For Water Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%