Disinvasive activity of “Hemastal BIO” and “Staldren” against non-invasive eggs of Trichuris skrjabini nematodes parasitizing sheep

Abstract

Geohelminths parasitizing sheep are widespread throughout the world and have a significant pathogenic effect on the animal body. Among them, one of the leading places in terms of distribution is occupied by helminths of the genus Trichuris. This is due to the high resistance of trichurises to the effects of chemicals and adverse environmental factors. The presence of viable eggs of trichurosis pathogens in the surface layer of the soil and a sufficiently long period of their storage in the environment represents a potential threat of parasitic invasion on the territory of sheep farms. The aim of the research was to determine the disinfestation activity of modern ecologically safe means for dry disinfection against eggs of non-invasive nematode eggs of Trichuris skrjabini parasitizing sheep. An experimental test of the preparations “Hemastal BIO” (AS – calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfite-semihydrate, calcium chloride) and “Staldren” (AS – calcium carbonate, pine oil, magnesium silicate, iron oxide) was carried out in laboratory conditions. In the experiment, test cultures of eggs isolated from the gonads of T. skrjabini nematode females were used. The results of the conducted research established a high level of disinfestation efficiency of “Hemastal BIO” and “Staldren” (DE – 100 %) relative to non-invasive eggs of T. skrjabini on the 54th day of cultivation – the period of formation of invasive eggs in the control culture. During the embryogenesis of trichurises, the effectiveness of dry disinfectants gradually increased with “Hemastal BIO” up to 88.84 % – on the 18th day and up to 98.36 % – on the 36th day, and “Staldren” up to 82.79 % – on the 18th day and up to 95.90 % – for 36th days. Their harmful effect was characterized by specific changes in the eggs of nematodes in the form of sticking of crystals of the agents around the causative agents, as a result of which there was a stop in growth and development and the gradual decay and resorption of the embryos. Such changes are also confirmed by the metric parameters of the width and length of T. skrjabini eggs. The obtained data allow to recommend dry disinfectants “Hemastal BIO” and “Staldren” for the purpose of effective maintenance of sanitary and epidemiological well-being in relation to trichurosis in sheep farms.

The influence of chemicals on the development and viability of Trichuris vulpis nematode eggs isolated from infested dogs

“…Thus, under the influence of Arquades-plus at all concentrations, the egg length was greater (by 0.4-2.0%), and the width was smaller (by 0.7-4.9%) compared to the control test culture (Р < 0.00025-0.0025). Under the influence of Brovadez-plus in concentrations of 1.0-2.0%, the egg length was greater (by 0.5-0.9%), and the width was smaller (by 0.3-4.1%) compared to the control test culture (Р < 0.00025-0.0025) (Petrenko & Kharchenko, 2023). Similar data were obtained by the authors, who note a decrease in the parameters of the length of T. skrjabini eggs by 3.8-3.9% and an increase in the parameters of the width of the eggs by 5.0-5.2% under the influence of Arquades-plus, which, in their opinion, confirms the violation of the development of nematode eggs.…”

“…Freezing at ≤ -20°C for ≥ 24 h also inactivated Trichuris eggs. Other authors, when testing the disinfestation activity of Arquades-plus on T. skrjabini nematode eggs, found that at 1.5% concentration and exposure for 60 minutes and 2.0% concentration and exposure for 10-60 minutes, the product had a high level of ovicidal efficiency of 94.2% and 98.3-100.0%, respectively (Petrenko & Kharchenko, 2023). Also, the chlorine-containing disinfectant Dezsan has been highly efficient against the non-invasive and invasive egg test cultures of T. ovis (90.6-100.0%), T. skrjabini (91.0 -100.0%), and T. globulosa (90.9-100.0%) (Melnychuk et al, 2022).…”