Dismorfia Muscular: detección del uso-abuso de esteroides anabolizantes androgénicos en una muestra española

Abstract

Resumen Abstract original adicciones vol. xx, nº x · 2017People who suffer from muscle dysmorphia due to a distorted body image perceive themselves as less muscular than they actually are. and R2 = .62). The main conclusion is that almost 50% of both male and female participants affected by this disorder use this kind of AAS.

Reflection on the validity of the instruments used to assess muscle dysmorphia with no deep knowledge of its etiology.

“…Pope, Phillips, and Olivardia (2000) established that the prevalence of the disorder regarding gender was 80% male and 20% female, but if we take into consideration the results offered by González-Martí et al (2018), we can notice that 70.1% corresponds to men and around 30% to women. This study has the widest sample of women in MD research ( n ♀ = 172), thus more studies should be carried out, given the larger percentage of women affected in relation to the prevalence appearing in previous literature.…”

“…It should be noted that the three instruments most widely translated and validated are written in English and Spanish. It is interesting that in the United States, which is the cradle of the discovery and study of MD (Pope, Katz, & Hudson, 1993), there is a prevalence of about 10% bodybuilders and weightlifters affected, while in Spain the prevalence of this condition is roughly 18.3% (González-Martí, Fernández-Bustos, Contreras, & Sokolova, 2018).…”

“…In this sense, it is noticeable that the research carried out does not include a wide sample of females, thus giving this disorder little attention when related to this genre. González-Martí et al (2018) established in their study, based on decision trees of data mining, that the population affected by MD in Spain (N = 734; n♂ = 562 and n♀ = 172) was 18.3%, with 134 participants suffering from the disorder (94 males, 40 females). One of the instruments used by the authors to detect MD is the "Escala de Satisfacción Muscular" (ESM; González-Martí, Fernández, Contreras, & Mayville, 2012), which is the Spanish validated version of the "Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale."…”

“…González-Martí et al (2018) established in their study, based on decision trees of data mining, that the population affected by MD in Spain ( N = 734; n - = 562 and n - = 172) was 18.3%, with 134 participants suffering from the disorder (94 males, 40 females). One of the instruments used by the authors to detect MD is the “Escala de Satisfacción Muscular” (ESM; González-Martí, Fernández, Contreras, & Mayville, 2012), which is the Spanish validated version of the “Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale.” This instrument was chosen in the meta-analysis for being the most reliable to assess this condition.…”

Dismorfia muscular en varones usuarios de gimnasio en la ciudad de Chiclayo, Perú

“…En cuanto a la presencia de DM en usuarios varones adultos jóvenes, esta se debería a una influencia de la variable atención emocional, que podría explicar los comportamientos mal adaptativos del trastorno, así como el perfeccionismo ligado a la dismorfia muscular (15) . Otros factores que pueden influir y explicar la presencia de DM son el uso y abuso de esteroides anabolizantes androgénicos (EAA), los cuales son consumidos con el fin de aumentar la musculatura y reducir la grasa corporal de manera más rápida y con menos esfuerzo, pero por sus efectos secundarios nocivos para la salud del deportista, estas sustancias exógenas son ilegales en el deporte sin receta médica (16) . Esto indica un desconocimiento por parte de los deportistas y de los usuarios de gimnasio acerca de este trastorno, donde lo único que buscan es mejorar la percepción de su propia apariencia.…”