Disorders of Attention and Impulse Regulation

Nigg, Joel T.; Hinshaw, Stephen P.; Huang-Pollock, Cynthia L.

doi:10.1002/9780470939406.ch9

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 286 publications

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“…While prior research has demonstrated that this disorder is highly heritable (~70 %; Nikolas and Burt 2010), psychosocial context is crucial to its developmental course via multiple directional and bidirectional parent–child interchanges (Nigg et al 2006). In particular, parenting behaviors such as quality of caregiving, and parent–child relationships are associated with ADHD (Barkley 1998; Ellis and Nigg 2009; Hawes et al 2013; Martel et al 2011), perhaps contributing to persistence and amplification of ADHD symptoms (Campbell et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Child Temperament Play a Role in the Association Between Parenting Practices and Child Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Ullsperger

Nigg

Nikolas

2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Ineffective parenting practices may maintain or exacerbate attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and shape subsequent development of disruptive behavior disorders (DBD’s) in youth with ADHD. Recent theoretical models have suggested that parenting may exert effects on ADHD via its role in child temperament. The current study aimed to evaluate the indirect effects of parenting dimensions on child ADHD symptoms via child temperament. Youth ages 6–17 years (N=498; 50.4 % ADHD, 55 % male) completed a multi-stage, multi-informant assessment that included parent, child, and teacher report measures of parenting practices, child temperament, and ADHD symptoms. Statistical models examined the direct and indirect effects of maternal and paternal involvement, poor supervision, and inconsistent discipline on inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity via child temperament and personality traits. Results indicated differential patterns of effect for negative and positive parenting dimensions. First, inconsistent discipline exerted indirect effects on both ADHD symptom dimensions via child conscientiousness, such that higher levels of inconsistency predicted lower levels of conscientiousness, which in turn, predicted greater ADHD symptomatology. Similarly, poor supervision also exerted indirect effects on inattention via child conscientiousness as well as significant indirect effects on hyperactivity-impulsivity via its impact on both child reactive control and conscientiousness. In contrast, primarily direct effects of positive parenting (i.e., involvement) on ADHD emerged. Secondary checks revealed that similar pathways may also emerge for comorbid disruptive behavior disorders. Current findings extend upon past work by examining how parenting practices influence child ADHD via within child mechanisms and provide support for multi-pathway models accounting for heterogeneity in the disorder.

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confidence: 99%

Does Child Temperament Play a Role in the Association Between Parenting Practices and Child Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Ullsperger

Nigg

Nikolas

2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…In the current study, we found associations between both family conflict and cohesion when predicting parent-reported inattention symptoms, even when controlling for comorbid disruptive behavior problems. The specific interactive effect predicting inattention may reflect the notion that maladaptive family functioning may serve to exacerbate youth difficulties with self-regulation, broadly, including behavioral and emotion regulation as well as cognitive control (Nigg, Hinshaw, & Huang-Pollock, 2006). Statistically, our inclusion of all ADHD subtypes/presentations may have also impacted findings, in that the overall predictable variance was higher for inattention than for hyperactivity-impulsivity in the current sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direction of effects for the association of ADHD and family functioning is unclear, with evidence supporting both that family functioning influences ADHD symptoms and that child’s ADHD symptoms influence family functioning (Ellis & Nigg, 2009; Nigg et al, 2006). ADHD emergence is likely independent of parenting and may drive parenting effects to a large extent, whereas subsequent parenting difficulties may serve to maintain ADHD-related behavioral problems (Campbell, 2002; for a review see Nigg, et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…ADHD emergence is likely independent of parenting and may drive parenting effects to a large extent, whereas subsequent parenting difficulties may serve to maintain ADHD-related behavioral problems (Campbell, 2002; for a review see Nigg, et al 2006). However, maladaptive parenting may primarily be involved in exacerbation of ADHD in terms of oppositional defiant and aggressive behaviors (Sonuga-Barke et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Does 5HTTLPR Genotype Moderate the Association of Family Environment With Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomatology?

Elmore

Nigg

Friderici

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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Objective Problematic family dynamics are common among youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Multiple mechanisms, including diathesis-stress (vulnerability) and differential susceptibility gene × environment interaction effects (G×E), have been proposed to account for this association. G×E effects for ADHD were examined via interactions between a genetic marker hypothesized to influence sensitivity to the environment (the promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene – 5HTTLPR) and family conflict and cohesion in predicting ADHD symptoms. Method 498 youth ages 6-17 years (251 ADHD, 213 non-ADHD) and their parents completed a multi-stage, multi-informant assessment (including parent and youth reports on the Family Environment Scale), and saliva sample collection for genotyping. Linear regression analyses examined interactions between 5HTTLPR genotype and the FES scales of conflict and cohesion reported by parent and child. Criteria laid out by Roisman et al. (2012) were applied to evaluate diathesis stress versus differential susceptibility G×E mechanisms. Results Results demonstrated interactions between 5HTTLPR genotype and both conflict and cohesion in predicting inattention, but not hyperactivity-impulsivity. Both interactions were highly consistent with differential susceptibility models of G×E effects. Conclusions 5HTTLPR genotype appeared to moderate the relationship between family conflict/cohesion and inattentive symptoms. Interactions highlight the role of 5HTTLPR genotype as a potential marker of environmental sensitivity and provide support for differential susceptibility models of G×E effects for ADHD.

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“…More recently, large-scale, whole-genome investigations are beginning to uncover variants that may be relevant to the pathophysiology of ADHD (Mooney et al 2016). However, the family context has been posited to be crucial in moderating liability factors involved in the shaping of behavioral regulation among youth (Nigg et al 2006). Parental characteristics have also been shown to predict individual differences in the developmental trajectories of symptoms, comorbid problems, and functional impairments among youth with ADHD specifically (see Deault 2010 for a review).…”

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DRD4 Variants Moderate the Impact of Parental Characteristics on Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploratory Evidence from a Multiplex Family Design

Nikolas

Momany

2017

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Parental ADHD symptomatology and related impairments have been robustly associated with youth ADHD across decades of work. Notably, these factors may impede typical development of child self-regulation capabilities through both neurobiological and interpersonal processes. High heritability of estimates for the disorder further suggest that these effects are likely genetically-mediated, at least in part. Variation within the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been shown to moderate parental influences on youth ADHD. Use of a multiplex family design (i.e., samples of families that included multiple affected members) may facilitate identification of additional gene variants of interest and advance understanding of gene-environment interplay in regard to parenting. Thirty multiplex families consisting of 114 individuals (66 youth, 48 parents) completed a multi-stage, multi-informant diagnostic and neurocognitive assessment, measures of parenting, and provided saliva samples for DNA analyses. Sanger sequencing of the DRD4 gene yielded 16 rare variants; a polygenic risk score was computed for both parents and youth. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) examined the predictive effects of parental ADHD symptoms, parental neurocognitive functioning, and poor parenting dimensions on youth ADHD as well as moderation of these effects by parental and youth DRD4 variants. Findings indicated that parental DRD4 variants moderated the impact of parental ADHD and neurocognitive functioning on youth ADHD symptoms. Youth DRD4 variants moderated the impact of parental inconsistent discipline on child ADHD. In all cases, stronger associations were observed for those individuals with more risk variants. These exploratory findings highlight the potential utility of a multiplex family design for examining the interplay between parent and child characteristics in predicting youth outcomes.

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Disorders of Attention and Impulse Regulation

Cited by 14 publications

References 286 publications

Does Child Temperament Play a Role in the Association Between Parenting Practices and Child Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Does Child Temperament Play a Role in the Association Between Parenting Practices and Child Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Does 5HTTLPR Genotype Moderate the Association of Family Environment With Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomatology?

DRD4 Variants Moderate the Impact of Parental Characteristics on Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploratory Evidence from a Multiplex Family Design

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