Disorders of Cortical Formation: MR Imaging Features

Razek, Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel; Kandell, A.Y.; Elsorogy, Lamiaa Galal; Elmongy, A.; Basett, A.A.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1223

Cited by 146 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Periventricular heterotopias are known to occur more commonly in the right hemisphere, due to later migration of right-sided neuroblasts [16]. A previous study characterizing 23 brain MRI’s of children with Aicardi syndrome noted that polymicrogyria tended to be asymmetric; however, that study found lesions most commonly in the left frontal lobe, rather than the right.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laterality of Brain and Ocular Lesions in Aicardi Syndrome

Cabrera

Winn

Porco

et al. 2011

Pediatric Neurology

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This study reports a large case series of children with Aicardi syndrome. A new severity scoring system is established to assess sidedness of ocular and brain lesions. Thirty-five children were recruited from Aicardi syndrome family conferences. All children received dilated ophthalmologic exams, and brain MRI’s were reviewed. Ocular and brain MRI Aicardi lesion severity scores were devised. A linear mixed model was used to compare each side for the ocular and brain MRI severity scores of Aicardi associated disease. Twenty-six children met inclusion criteria for the study. All subjects were female, ages 3 months to 19 years. Rates per child of optic nerve coloboma, severe lacunae, and microphthalmos in one or both eyes (among those with complete fundus exams available) were 10/24 (42%), 8/22 (36%), and 7/26 (27%), respectively. Ocular and brain MRI asymmetry was found in 18% (4/22) and 58% (15/26) of subjects, respectively, with more right sided brain lesions than left (V=52, P=0.028). A significant correlation between sidedness of brain disease and microphthalmos was seen (T = 2.54, P = 0.02). This study substantiates the range and severity of Aicardi syndrome associated ophthalmologic and brain MRI lesions from prior smaller case series.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laterality of Brain and Ocular Lesions in Aicardi Syndrome

Cabrera

Winn

Porco

et al. 2011

Pediatric Neurology

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“…We used a two‐tailed t contrast to assess increases and decreases in GMC and volume as signs of focal cortical hypertrophy/atrophy. For JM and normalized T 2 ‐FLAIR, we used only a one‐tailed t contrast, as only increase of blurring of the gray/white matter junction and hyperintensity on T 2 ‐weighted images are described features of FCDs …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxel‐based magnetic resonance image postprocessing in epilepsy

et al. 2017

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SummaryObjectiveAlthough the general utility of voxel‐based processing of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for detecting occult lesions in focal epilepsy is established, many differences exist among studies, and it is unclear which processing method is preferable. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of commonly used methods to detect epileptogenic lesions in magnetic resonance MRI‐positive and MRI‐negative patients, and to estimate their diagnostic yield.MethodsWe identified 144 presurgical focal epilepsy patients, 15 of whom had a histopathologically proven and MRI‐visible focal cortical dysplasia; 129 patients were MRI negative with a clinical hypothesis of seizure origin, 27 of whom had resections. We applied four types of voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), three based on T1 images (gray matter volume, gray matter concentration, junction map [JM]) and one based on normalized fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (nFSI). Specificity was derived from analysis of 50 healthy controls.ResultsThe four maps had different sensitivity and specificity profiles. All maps showed detection rates for focal cortical dysplasia patients (MRI positive and negative) of >30% at a strict threshold of p < 0.05 (family‐wise error) and >60% with a liberal threshold of p < 0.0001 (uncorrected), except for gray matter volume (14% and 27% detection rate). All maps except nFSI showed poor specificity, with high rates of false‐positive findings in controls. In the MRI‐negative patients, absolute detection rates were lower. A concordant nFSI finding had a significant positive odds ratio of 7.33 for a favorable postsurgical outcome in the MRI‐negative group. Spatial colocalization of JM and nFSI was rare, yet showed good specificity throughout the thresholds.SignificanceAll VBM variants had specific diagnostic properties that need to be considered for an adequate interpretation of the results. Overall, structural postprocessing can be a useful tool in presurgical diagnostics, but the low specificity of some maps has to be taken into consideration.

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“…Rasmussen encephalitis does not show calvarial changes, and Sturge–Weber syndrome additionally shows enhancing pial angiomas and cortical calcifications. [9]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children with intractable disabling and hemiplegia are the potential candidates for hemispherectomy with a success rate of 85% in carefully selected cases. [910]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome: A rare cause of cerebral hemiatrophy in children

Thakkar

Dave

2016

J Pediatr Neurosci

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Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome (DDMS) is an uncommon condition, in which the diagnosis is mainly done by various clinical presentations along with positive radiological findings. Patients have facial asymmetry, seizures, learning difficulties, and contralateral hemiparesis. The radiological discoveries of the same incorporate cerebral hemiatrophy with homolateral hypertrophy of the skull and sinuses. Here, we report a case of a 10-year-old female child who presented with a single episode of convulsion, mental retardation, and contralateral hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed unilateral atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere with dilatation of ipsilateral lateral ventricle and ipsilateral sulcal prominence. These findings were suggestive of the diagnosis of DDMS.

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Disorders of Cortical Formation: MR Imaging Features

Cited by 146 publications

References 31 publications

Laterality of Brain and Ocular Lesions in Aicardi Syndrome

Laterality of Brain and Ocular Lesions in Aicardi Syndrome

Voxel‐based magnetic resonance image postprocessing in epilepsy

Dyke–Davidoff–Masson syndrome: A rare cause of cerebral hemiatrophy in children

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