“…Among the most possible causes, uterine abnormalities were considered as one of the major causes like perimetritis, adenomyosis, hydrometera, mucometra, endometritis, pyometra, perimetritis and serositis. Out of the total affected buffaloes, the incidence of perimetritis was the highest (10.7%) followed by endometritis (7.14%), perimetrial cyst (5.35%), adenomyosis (3.57%) and pyometra (3.57%), hydrometra (1.78%), mucometra (1.78%) and serositis (1.78%) (Mittal et al, 2009;Ponraj et al, 2017;Hamouda et al, 2020;Kumar et al, 2022). The fertility of buffaloes still low due to bad nutrition, management and other environmental factors (Pasha and Hayat, 2012).…”