Disorders of Placental Transfer

Longo, Lawrence D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-065502-1.50008-5

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 275 publications

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“…The inherent factors from the mother are the ones that contribute most to the nutritive placental insufficiency, whether through reduction of nutrients, or Table 2. Serum levels of IgG(μg/mL) to polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) in malnourished pregnant women (MN) and controls (C) pre and post immunization, cord blood (CB) and in children at 2 and 6 months of age through reduction of the flux of placenta [39]. The relation between protein energy malnutrition and the baby weight at birth has been assessed since the 50's [1,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b antibodies in malnourished pregnant women

Cavalcante¹,

Kopelman²,

Costa‐Carvalho³

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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This study evaluated the vaccination response to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in malnourished pregnant women (MN), cord blood (CB) and in infants at two and six months of age for comparison with a control group (C). Twenty-eight malnourished pregnant women and 29 pregnant controls were immunized with conjugated Act-HIB® in the third trimester of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from all before the immunization, during labor (post immunization), and from CB. All infants were immunized with Hib vaccine according to normal vaccine schedule and sera were collected at two and six months of age. Antibody levels to polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) were similar for both groups. Preimmunization: MN 1.94 μ μ μ μ μg/mL, C 1.68 μ μ μ μ μg/mL; post-vaccination: MN 18.53 μ μ μ μ μg/mL and C 17.55 μ μ μ μ μg/mL; in CB from MN 14.46 μ μ μ μ μg/mL and from C 17.04 μ μ μ μ μg/mL. Infants from MN and C mothers presented respectively at two months: 5.18 μ μ μ μ μg/mL and 8.60 μ μ μ μ μg/mL and at six months: MN 3.42 μ μ μ μ μg/mL and C 2.18 μ μ μ μ μg/mL.Antibody levels were similar in both groups studied (p = 0.485), however the vertical transmission rate was 14% lower in the MN pregnant group. Levels of antibodies ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 0.15 μ μ μ μ μg/mL were found in all newborns from the MN pregnant group. Pregnant MN presented an immunological response to Hib vaccine similar to group C, however, vertical transmission rate of antibodies to PRP in the MN pregnant group was 14% lower than that in C, suggesting a less efficient passage of antibodies within this group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b antibodies in malnourished pregnant women

Cavalcante¹,

Kopelman²,

Costa‐Carvalho³

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…The data on maternal-fetal transfer of substances has been extensively reviewed (Longo, 1972). Although present knowledge is stiI1limited, there is evidence that a series of different mechanisms are used, including the following: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, and bulk flow.…”

Section: Placental Transfer Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Pregnancy

Rosso

Cramoy

1979

Nutrition

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“…One way to explore this relation would be to establish a coiTelation between the composition and structure of GAG in a tissue as related to the transport function of that tissue. The placenta seemed a good organ to study experimentally for the following reasons: (2) it regulates the transport of metabolites between distinct anatomic and physiologic compartments [1], (2) its transport functions change with maturation and in certain pathologic states [21], and (3) if changes in chemical composition or the structure of component GAG are related to transjDort function, this may be reflected in the size of the infant or in his physiologic status at birth [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Composition and Structure of Glycosaminoglycans in the Human Placenta during Development

1973

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ExtractGlycosaminoglycans (acid mucopolysaccharides) are ubiquitous in their distribution in the body, yet information as to their biologic function is scanty. Studies of their structure and physical properties in solution suggest that they could function as gel nitration and exchange resins in vivo, thereby playing an important role in regulation of the passage of molecules through the ground substance of connective tissue. The glycosaminoglycan(s) (GAG) composition of the human placenta and the molecular structure of specific GAG has been studied by chemical, enzymatic, and physical methods at 12-18 weeks and at 40 weeks gestational age to explore this postulated structure-function relation.The young placenta contained more GAG (222 mg/100 mg dry defatted tissue) than did the term placenta (155 mg/100 g dry defatted tissue). Sulfated GAG comprised 56% of the total GAG in the young placenta versus 74% in the term placenta due to increased concentrations of dermatan sulfate (25% term versus 13% young placenta) and heparan sulfate (22% term versus 15% young placenta). Ghondroitin was a major component in the young placenta and comprised 22% of the total GAG, whereas the term placenta contained only 9%. Both young and term placenta showed similar quantities of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin 4-and 6-sulfates. Ghondroitin sulfate from the young placenta differed from the polymer in the term placenta in that it contained a higher proportion oi unsulfated dissaccharides. Differences were also found in the molecular structure of dermatan sulfate. Hyaluronidase digestion of purified dermatan sulfate from young placenta produced a 50% reduction in average molecular weight compared with a 30% reduction in the molecular weight of dermatan sulfate isolated from term placenta. The smaller molecular weight fragments of dermatan sulfate from young placenta indicate differences in molecular structure due either to the number of glucuronic acid substitutions or to their position in the polymer chain, or to changes in the concentration of hybrid molecules. Speculation

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Disorders of Placental Transfer

Cited by 20 publications

References 275 publications

Placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b antibodies in malnourished pregnant women

Placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b antibodies in malnourished pregnant women

Nutrition and Pregnancy

Changes in the Composition and Structure of Glycosaminoglycans in the Human Placenta during Development

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