Disorders of Potassium: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia

DiBartola, Stephen P.; Morais, Helio Autrán de

doi:10.1016/b0-72-163949-6/50008-4

Cited by 67 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…The normal proportion of extracellular and intracellular potassium is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump found in cell membranes. This pumps Na + ions out and K + ions into the cell at a 3:2 ratio (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000;Hendrix and Raffe 1994). The ability of specialized cells to develop a membrane potential is crucial for normal cardiac conduction, muscular contraction and the transmission of nervous impulses (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000;Kornegay 1995).…”

Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pumps Na + ions out and K + ions into the cell at a 3:2 ratio (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000;Hendrix and Raffe 1994). The ability of specialized cells to develop a membrane potential is crucial for normal cardiac conduction, muscular contraction and the transmission of nervous impulses (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000;Kornegay 1995). K + homeostasis in the organism is maintained through dietary intake and excretion in urine (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000).…”

Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of specialized cells to develop a membrane potential is crucial for normal cardiac conduction, muscular contraction and the transmission of nervous impulses (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000;Kornegay 1995). K + homeostasis in the organism is maintained through dietary intake and excretion in urine (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000). Changes in pH can produce K + translocation between ICF and ECF.…”

Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study, in dogs, determined total K + concentration to be 47.1 mmol/kg of body weight, ranging from 39.8 to 61.1 mmol/kg (Di Bartola and De Morais 2000). The normal proportion of extracellular and intracellular potassium is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump found in cell membranes.…”

Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buffy Coat and Serum Concentration of Potassium Related to the Acid-base Status in Dogs Following Induced Hypokalemia

Aguilar-Bobadilla¹,

Bouda²,

Núñez-Ochoa³

et al. 2005

Acta Vet. Brno

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Aguilar-Bobadilla J., J. Bouda, L. Núñez-Ochoa, C. Vásquez-Peláez: Buffy Coat and Serum Concentration of Potassium Related to the Acid-base Status in Dogs Following Induced Hypokalemia. Acta Vet Brno, 2005, 74: 225-232. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances are frequent in sick dogs. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of K + in blood serum and buffy coat K + (BC K + ) and its relation to other serum electrolytes and acid-base values in blood of healthy dogs and those with hypokalemia induced by furosemide. The study was performed on 42 dogs of both sexes, aged 3 to 8 years, divided into two groups. Group 1 (control, n = 21) included healthy dogs, Group 2 (experimental, n = 21) consisted of healthy dogs in which hypokalemia had been induced using furosemide at a dose of 12 mg/kg PO BID during 21 days. Physical examination, haemogram (16 analytes), biochemical profile (22 analytes) and urinalysis (15 analytes) were performed to evaluate the health status of all dogs. In this study, the most important serum analytes were Na + , K + and Cl -; BC K + and blood pH, HCO 3 -, base excess (BE), as well as pCO 2 . A method for obtaining BC and determining intracellular K + was developed. Between groups 1 and 2, serum K + had a significant correlation with pH, HCO 3 -and BE (r > 0.6, p < 0.01); in addition, in Group 2 there was a significant correlation with Na + and Cl -(r > 0.7, p < 0.01), due to the furosemide effect. The BC K + presented low correlation with serum K + , as well as with other variables, and thus could not be considered a good indicator of intracellular K + . The correlation coefficients in groups 1 and 2 were significant between strong ion difference (SID), K + , Cl -, HCO 3 -and BE (r > 0.7, p < 0.01), suggesting SID as a good indicator of K + translocation in metabolic alkalosis. The anion gap (AG) did not present significant correlation with BC K+, with serum Na + , K + and Cl -, or with pH, HCO 3 -, BE and pCO 2 . For the evaluation of electrolyte alterations and metabolic acid-base disorders it is necessary to include in laboratory profiles the determination of K + , Na + , Cl -, HCO 3 -in blood serum, as well as to calculate AG, SID, and relate them to the physical examination of the animal. Dog, furosemide, buffy coat potassium, serum electrolyte, acid-base status

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Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dog Furosemide Buffy Coat Potassium Serum Electrolyte Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Buffy Coat and Serum Concentration of Potassium Related to the Acid-base Status in Dogs Following Induced Hypokalemia

Aguilar-Bobadilla¹,

Bouda²,

Núñez-Ochoa³

et al. 2005

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Careless prescription of parenteral fluid without laboratory diagnosis and infrequent checking of electrolytes level may lead to life threatening conditions in pets resulting in huge economic and sentimental loss to the owners. It is therefore, essential to monitor the serum sodium and potassium concentration to prevent treatment related complications (Dibartola 2006). The choice of the fluid and the amount to be supplemented through parentral route can be estimated by estimating the level of these ions in the serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Sodium and Potassium in Dogs with Diarrhoea and Vomition

Shrestha¹,

Shrestha²,

Bindari³

2013

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

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The study was conducted to estimate the sodium and potassium level in dogs with diarrhea and vomition. Total 150 blood samples were collected and processed in the laboratory of Vet clinic, Krishnagalli as per the protocol of Elyte 2 test kit using colorimeter. Of the total blood samples, 8% showed normonatremia with normokalemia, 76% showed hyponatremia with hypokalemia and 16% showed hyponatremia with hyperkalemia. Diarrhoea and vomition were more prevalent in age group 0-1 years followed by more than 8 years and 1-8 years. The age group 0-1 and 1-8 years showed normonatremia with normokalemia and hyponatremia with hypokalemia but more than 8 years showed hyponatremia with hyperkalemia. Males were found more vulnerable for diarrhoea and vomition than the females. The estimated value of sodium and potassium in both sexes were obtained within normal to lower limits of normal range. German Shepherd had the higher prevalence of diarrhea and vomition among different breeds. The estimated value of sodium and potassium in different breeds showed modest difference and obtained within normal to lower limit of normal range. Na:K ratio was found less than 27:1 in 18% samples, between 27:1 to 40:1 in 26% samples and more than 40:1 in 56% samples.

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Clinical Chemistry in Toxicity Testing: Scope and Methods

Gosselin

Ramaiah

Earl

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Noncellular blood compartment (plasma or serum) and urine biochemical components are important indicators of overall animal health and can be used in conjunction with other parameters to investigate the toxicity of drugs and chemicals. This chapter describes the measurement and interpretation of clinical chemistry tests employed in toxicology studies in commonly used laboratory species. The introductory sections delineate methods for sample collection and data generation, and provide a general approach for data interpretation and reporting, with emphasis on distinguishing pre‐analytical/analytical variations from test material‐related changes. The following sections are organized by organ system, describing core clinical chemistry tests used in routine toxicology studies. These include protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, liver and kidney functions and electrolyte balance. Nonroutine tests evaluating cardiac and skeletal muscle, bone, blood vessels, the endocrine system, the nervous system are also presented. Because few clinical chemistry parameters are specific indicators of single organ toxicity, each section emphasizes the integrated interpretation of biochemistry changes with other study endpoints such as clinical signs, food consumption and bodyweight, haematology, electrocardiography, blood pressure and histopathology. Patterns of change are presented in the context of identifying organ toxicity.

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Disorders of Potassium: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia

Cited by 67 publications

References 108 publications

Buffy Coat and Serum Concentration of Potassium Related to the Acid-base Status in Dogs Following Induced Hypokalemia

Buffy Coat and Serum Concentration of Potassium Related to the Acid-base Status in Dogs Following Induced Hypokalemia

Estimation of Sodium and Potassium in Dogs with Diarrhoea and Vomition

Clinical Chemistry in Toxicity Testing: Scope and Methods

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