Disorders of the brain-gut interaction and eating disorders

Abstract

BACKGROUND Eating disorders (ED) involve both the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. A similar double involvement is also found in disorders of the brain-gut interaction (DGBI) and symptoms are sometimes similar. AIM To find out where there is an association and a cause-effect relationship, we looked for the comorbidity of DGBI and ED. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken. A literature search was performed. Inclusion criteria for the articles retained for analysis were: Observational cohort population-based or hospital-based and case-control studies, examining the relationship between DGBI and ED. Exclusion criteria were: Studies written in other languages than English, abstracts, conference presentations, letters to the Editor and editorials. Selected papers by two independent investigators were critically evaluated and included in this review. RESULTS We found 29 articles analyzing the relation between DGBI and ED comprising 13 articles on gastroparesis, 5 articles on functional dyspepsia, 7 articles about functional constipation and 4 articles on irritable bowel syndrome. CONCLUSION There is no evidence for a cause-effect relationship between DGBI and ED. Their common symptomatology requires correct identification and a tailored therapy of each disorder.

Essstörungen für den/die Gastroenterologen:in – was sich zu wissen lohnt

“…In der International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems der World Health Organization (WHO) ICD-11 werden als wichtigste Störungen zusätzlich die etwas seltenere Pica und die Rumination erwähnt [10]. Pica zeichnet sich aus durch Verzehren von Non-food-Gegenständen (Papier oder andere Objekte), die Rumination durch wiederholtes Hervorwürgen von Nahrung über einen Monat hinweg, wobei keine andere Erkrankung zugrunde liegen darf, welche das Verhalten besser erklärt [12,13].…”

Ten controversies in gastroparesis and a look to the future

“…Whether the gastric dysmotility is secondary to food restriction, emesis, or is also influenced by patient nutritional state, and is not a primary disorder, is unclear. 76 In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included a new condition called avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), in which patients want to prevent feared negative consequences (e.g., vomiting), have low interest in eating, low appetite, or aversion to sensory characteristics of food, resulting in nutritional deficiencies. 77,78 Recently, it was shown that more than 50% of patients with gastroparesis/dyspepsia symptoms have significant symptoms of feeding and eating disorders, and almost 40% met the criteria for ARFID.…”

“…A systematic review evaluating the association between ED and disorders of gut‐brain interaction showed that anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were the most frequent ED associated with gastroparesis. Whether the gastric dysmotility is secondary to food restriction, emesis, or is also influenced by patient nutritional state, and is not a primary disorder, is unclear 76 . In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) included a new condition called avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), in which patients want to prevent feared negative consequences (e.g., vomiting), have low interest in eating, low appetite, or aversion to sensory characteristics of food, resulting in nutritional deficiencies 77,78 .…”

17β-Estradiol Suppresses Gastric Inflammatory and Apoptotic Stress Responses and Restores nNOS-Mediated Gastric Emptying in Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Female Mice

“…Diabetic gastroparesis (DGp) is a gut motility disorder associated with abnormal gastric emptying (GE) when there is no mechanical obstruction along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [ 1 , 2 ]. DGp is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, bloating, early satiety, abdominal pains, nutritional deficiencies, and poor glycemic control [ 3 ].…”