Disorders of the Breast in Children and Adolescents, Part 1: Disorders of Growth and Infections of the Breast

Breast Disease in Children and Adolescents in Eastern Nigeria—a Five-Year Study

“…6 The pathogenesis of these conditions have been attributed to an estrogen-progesterone imbalance, breastfeeding complications, and dietary insufficiencies. 5,7 Of the malignant breast diseases seen in adolescents, secretory carcinomas are most common, have an indolent clinical course, and have favorable prognosis as they rarely involve distant metastases. 3 Invasive ductal carcinomas presenting in this age group, though less common, are more aggressive with a poorer prognosis.…”

Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification in 51 excised palpable pediatric breast masses

“…The vast majority of breast masses in children are benign, with surgical specimens typically consisting of fibroadenomas, gynecomastia, and macromastia [1,2]. Current clinical recommendations for management include observation or excisional biopsy [3], and surgical excision may be requested by patients or parents because of the desire for definitive diagnosis [4][5][6][7]. The decision to observe a mass as opposed to excise it is often determined by its size, the presence of symptoms or growth of the mass.…”

Breast Disorders

“…A 17 gauge or even 14 gauge needle is sometimes required as the infected material is often viscous. Surgical incision and drainage is preferably avoided in the developing breast bud but if required a small periareolar incision should be made and probing should be minimal to avoid later deformity (De Silva and Brandt 2006a). All parents of neonates with breast abscesses needing drainage should be warned that there is a possibility of asymmetrical breast development in the future.…”