Disorders of the Digestive System

Cebra, Christopher K.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2352-6.00040-7

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(150 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Deep periodontal pocketing can result in apical infection 34 and pulpitis with occlusal pulp exposure in chronic cases because of further tooth wear, indicating nonvital pulp tissue as described in horses. 35 In contrast to the findings in equids, only a low prevalence (2.2%, 5/228) of dental-related soft tissue trauma was present in our alpaca population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 1: Prevalence of dental disorders and their mutual relationships

Proost

Pardon

Pollaris

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Dental disease is a troublesome health concern in alpacas. Specifically, the occurrence of tooth root abscesses has been described in veterinary literature. Nevertheless, no objective prevalence data are available for dental disorders in alpacas. Hypothesis/objectives To determine the prevalence of dental disorders in alpaca herds in Belgium and the Netherlands. To study the associations between the different dental disorders encountered in alpacas. Animals A total of 228 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) originating from 25 farms. Methods This is a cross‐sectional study. Dental disorders were diagnosed by dental examination of sedated animals using a dental mirror or a portable rigid oroscope. Results At the animal level, 82% (n = 187) had dental disorders of which 74.6, 41.7, and 3.9% were cheek teeth, incisor disorders, and canine disorders, respectively. At the level of the cheek teeth, diastemata (43.1%) were most common, followed by wear abnormalities (WA; 39.6%) and periodontal disease (PD; 33.3%). A significant association was detected between the presence of diastemata and PD (odds ratio [OR], 13.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6‐27.7; P < .001). Pulp exposure was significantly associated with the presence of diastemata (OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 3.8‐51.5; P < .001), PD (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 3.1‐25.3; P < .001) and WA (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2‐7.4; P = .002). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Dental disorders are highly prevalent in alpacas in Belgium and the Netherlands. Several dental disorders in alpacas had significant associations. To prevent the development of advanced stages of dental disease, routine dental examinations are advised to allow early detection and prompt treatment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 1: Prevalence of dental disorders and their mutual relationships

Proost

Pardon

Pollaris

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Weight loss reflects impaired food intake and decreased masticatory efficiency related to oral discomfort. 9,14 Dental disorders in dairy goats have been reported to cause weight loss but also have been associated with a significant drop in milk production. 15 In dairy cows, a decrease in BCS has been associated with lower likelihood of successful pregnancy, but this relationship has not yet been studied in new world camelids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,8 Decreased food intake and subsequent weight loss are noticed almost exclusively in advanced cases with deep infection. 4,9 Possible consequences on general health, susceptibility to other disease processes and reproduction results are to be expected. Therefore, dental disorders should be considered a welfare issue in this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 2: Risk factors associated with diastemata, periodontitis, occlusal pulp exposure, wear abnormalities, and malpositioned teeth

Proost

Pardon

Pollaris

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Dental disorders, of which tooth root abscesses are best documented, are highly prevalent in alpacas. Identification of risk factors can be valuable for prevention of dental disorders in this species. Hypothesis/Objectives To identify risk factors associated with wear abnormalities, malpositioning, diastemata, periodontal disease (PD), and occlusal pulp exposure at the level of the cheek teeth. Animals Two hundred twenty‐eight alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from 25 farms. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Dental examinations were performed on sedated animals. Risk factors were determined by clinical examination and interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for wear abnormalities, malpositioned teeth, diastemata, PD, and occlusal pulp exposure. Results Mandibular swelling was significantly associated with PD (odds ratio [OR], 11.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.27‐48.81; P < .001). Nearly 73% of included animals with mandibular swelling concurrently had PD. For every increase in herd size of 1 animal, the risk for PD increased by 2% (95% CI, 1‐4%; P = .01). The association between severe stages of PD and body condition score (BCS) indicates a painful situation, impairing animal welfare (P < .001). For each 1‐day increase in interval between pasture cleanings, the odds of finding pulp exposure for a single animal was estimated to increase by 1% (95% CI, 0‐2%; P = .05). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Simple management tools such as measuring BCS, palpating the mandible for bony swellings, removing feces from pasture on a regular basis and decreasing herd size might help identify animals at risk for dental disorders or prevent their development.

show abstract

“…6 Within the gastric compartments, ulcers are usually limited to C1 and C2, and the main risk factors are ingestion of caustic or abrasive feed, bezoars, tumors, and infectious agents. 1 Erosions and ulcers of C3 of South American camelids have been described in 5–20% of all autopsy cases in a series of 87 llama cases 20 and were associated with a high grain diet, non-steroidal or glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory drugs, stress, and chronic conditions that may increase the acidity of ingesta or decrease mucosal protection. 15,20 Studies have reported reflux of duodenal contents, including bile acids, into the third compartment of camelids with ulcers in C3, similar to what is seen in camelids with poor intestinal emptying, suggesting a relationship between these findings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The pathophysiology of forestomach acidosis in camelids was believed to be similar to ruminal acidosis of ruminants and it was first postulated that the amount of grain required to induce acidosis in camelids may be less than for ruminants. 1,24 However, camelids are not very susceptible to gastric acidosis because of their feeding behavior and forestomach buffering capacity. 19,24 Studies have shown that abrupt feeding of grains to alpacas does elicit a pH decrease response, but not to the extent seen in true ruminants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alimentary necrobacillosis in alpacas

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ulcers of the oral cavity, esophagus, and gastric compartments of South American camelids are uncommon. Multifocal-to-coalescing ulcers were identified in the oral cavity, esophagus, and/or gastric compartments of 5 alpacas submitted for postmortem examination. Fusobacterium necrophorum was isolated from the lesions in all alpacas, in combination with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. In 4 of these cases, F. necrophorum–associated lesions were considered secondary to neoplasia or other chronic debilitating conditions; in 1 case, the alimentary ulcers were considered the most significant autopsy finding. It is not known if this agent acted as a primary or opportunistic agent in mucosal membranes previously damaged by a traumatic event, chemical insult, immunodeficiency, or any other debilitating condition of the host.

show abstract

Disorders of the Digestive System

Cited by 15 publications

References 145 publications

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 1: Prevalence of dental disorders and their mutual relationships

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 1: Prevalence of dental disorders and their mutual relationships

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 2: Risk factors associated with diastemata, periodontitis, occlusal pulp exposure, wear abnormalities, and malpositioned teeth

Alimentary necrobacillosis in alpacas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About