Disorders of the Pediatric Pupil

Raoof, Naz

doi:10.1097/iio.0000000000000238

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Anisocoria is a condition defined by asymmetric pupils. Physiological anisocoria affects about 20% of the adult population 34 . The first step in the work‐up of anisocoria is determining the abnormal side.…”

Section: Mri Of the Orbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horner syndrome results from disorders of the oculosympathetic pathway, along its course from the hypothalamus, through the cervical sympathetic chain and superior cervical ganglion, along the carotid artery, and into the orbit 34–37 . Horner syndrome clinically manifests as unilateral miosis, upper lid ptosis, mild lower lid elevation, and ipsilateral facial anhidrosis.…”

Section: Mri Of the Orbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neuroimaging in Children with Ophthalmological Complaints: A Review

Rootman

Dotan

Konen

2021

Journal of Neuroimaging

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Pediatric patients are commonly referred to imaging following abnormal ophthalmological examinations. Common indications include papilledema, altered vision, strabismus, nystagmus, anisocoria, proptosis, coloboma, and leukocoria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits (with or without contrast material administration) is typically the imaging modality of choice. However, a cranial CT scan is sometimes initially performed, particularly when MRI is not readily available. Familiarity with the various ophthalmological conditions may assist the radiologist in formulating differential diagnoses and proper MRI protocols afterward. Although MRI of the brain and orbits usually suffices, further refinements are sometimes warranted to enable suitable assessment and accurate diagnosis. For example, the assessment of children with sudden onset anisocoria associated with Horner syndrome will require imaging of the entire oculosympathetic pathway, including the brain, orbits, neck, and chest. Dedicated orbital scans should cover the area between the hard palate and approximately 1 cm above the orbits in the axial plane and extend from the lens to the midpons in the coronal plane. Fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted fast spin echo sequences should enable proper assessment of the globes, optic nerves, and perioptic subarachnoid spaces. Contrast material should be given judiciously, ideally according to clinical circumstances and precontrast scans. In this review, we discuss the major indications for imaging following abnormal ophthalmological examinations.

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Section: Mri Of the Orbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mri Of the Orbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%