Disorders of the thyroid in the newborn and infant

Vliet, Guy Van; Deladoëy, Johnny

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4858-7.00016-0

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…This prevents brain developmental abnormalities and maintains an anabolic state in the fetus. During fetal embryogenesis, levels of rT3 are high due to the predominance of monodeiodinase type 3 activity [5][6][7].…”

Section: Thyroid Anatomy Embryology and Physiology 1thyroid Anatomy A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TBG is decreased in liver failure due to loss of synthetic function. Increased estrogen levels during pregnancy and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) use stimulate TBG synthesis, thereby increased T3 and T4 levels are not consistent with a thyrotoxic state as levels of free T3 and T4, the bioavailable hormones, are in the normal range [1,5,8].…”

Section: Thyroid Anatomy Embryology and Physiology 1thyroid Anatomy A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intracellularly, thyroid hormone binds to nuclear thyroid receptors, TRα and TRβ. These receptors regulate DNA transcription downstream [5,11].…”

Section: Thyroid Anatomy Embryology and Physiology 1thyroid Anatomy A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid embryogenesis starts with the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) encoded by NK2 homeobox-1 (NKX2-1), thyroid transcription factor-2 (TTF2) encoded by Forkhead Box Protein-E1 (FOXE1), and Paired Box Gene 8 (PAX8) on embryonic thyroid stem cells [5].…”

Section: Thyroid Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics of Thyroid Disorders

2022

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Section: Thyroid Anatomy Embryology and Physiology 1thyroid Anatomy A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thyroid Anatomy Embryology and Physiology 1thyroid Anatomy A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intracellularly, thyroid hormone binds to nuclear thyroid receptors, TRα and TRβ. These receptors regulate DNA transcription downstream [5,11].…”

Section: Thyroid Anatomy Embryology and Physiology 1thyroid Anatomy A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thyroid Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics of Thyroid Disorders

2022

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“…This situation is more severe with low gestational week and birth weight (BW) (4). In term infants (37-42 weeks' gestation) serum T4 levels characteristically increase in the rst week of life whereas in infants born prematurely, and especially those below 30 weeks' gestation, may decrease transiently resulting in a period of hypothyroxinaemia (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of hypothyroxinemia in premature infants

Yılmaz

Özer

Kaya

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Hypothyroxinemia is defined by low levels of thyroxine (T4) despite low or normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with transient hypothyroxinemia (THOP) in premature newborn.Method: This is a single center, retrospective, case-control study. Premature newborns, between 24-34 weeks of gestation, hospitalised between January 2014-December 2019 in our Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were analyzed through their medical records. Thyroid function tests were routinely performed between the 10th and 20th days of postnatal life and were evaluated according to the gestational age references. Thirty six risk factors (prenatal and postnatal parameters, medical treatments, clinical diagnoses and applications in NICU) were searched in the patient group with THOP (n=71) and the control group with euthyroid prematures (n=73). The risk factors for THOP were identified by univariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis. Results: Mean gestational ages of the study and the control groups were 29.7 ± 2.48 and 30.5 ± 2.30 weeks, respectively (p = 0.606). The birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), congenital heart disease (CHD) were found to be the risk factors for THOP in the univariate analysis and CHD (p=0.033, odds ratio [OR]:3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-12.3), BW (p=0.012, OR:0.998, 95% CI: 0.9-1.01) and SGA (p=0.006, OR:5.3, 95% CI: 1.6-17.71) were found to be an independent risk factor for THOP as a result of the multivariate analysis.Conclusıons: Although some treatment practices might have had direct effects on pituitary–thyroid axis, associated with the severity of the newborn clinical conditions, non of them was found to be a risk factor for THOP. However, preterm babies with CHD and SGA could have more risk for THOP.

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