Disparate infection patterns of Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) correlate with internal transcribed spacer-1 sequence variation in the parasite

Atkinson, Stephen D.; Bartholomew, Jerri L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.10.010

Cited by 55 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The high identity among M. arcticus sequen ces is consistent with intraspecific sequence differences of 98.9% documented for Parvicapsula mini bicornis SSU-rDNA sequences among 197 samples (Atkinson et al 2011). Similarly, no variation was detected among SSU-rDNA sequences from 14 Ceratonova shasta samples obtained from salmon in the Klamath River (Atkinson & Bartholomew 2010). Identity between the Chilko Lake M. arcticus sequence and those from 5 other species ranged from 88 to 96% (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Specific PCR for Myxobolus arcticus SSU rDNA in juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from British Columbia, Canada

Mahony¹,

Fraser²,

Groman³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A PCR for the specific detection of the salmon brain parasite Myxobolus arcticus (Pugachev and Khokhlov, 1979) was developed using primers designed to amplify a 1363 base pair fragment of the small subunit rDNA. The assay did not amplify DNA from 5 other Myxobolus species or from 7 other myxozoan species belonging to 5 other genera. For juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) collected from Chilko Lake, British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 2011, the prevalence by PCR was 96%, in contrast to 71% by histological examination of brain tissue. In 2010, the histological prevalence was 52.5%. Sequence identity between M. arcticus from Chilko Lake and other sites in BC ranged from 99.7 to 99.8% and was 99.6% for a Japanese sequence. In contrast, an M. arcticus sequence from Norway shared 95.3% identity with the Chilko Lake sequence, suggesting misidentification of the parasite. Chilko Lake sockeye salmon were previously reported free of infection with M. arcticus, and more research is required to understand the processes involved in the local and global dispersion of this parasite.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Specific PCR for Myxobolus arcticus SSU rDNA in juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from British Columbia, Canada

Mahony¹,

Fraser²,

Groman³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Use of native fish species, principally, Chinook and coho salmon, provides the most accurate reflection of wild populations but involves lethal sampling of sensitive species. Readily available, nonindigenous rainbow trout have been used in sentinel studies (19,28), but we discovered that they were an unsuitable proxy for native salmonid species: although trout were more susceptible to the parasite, they became infected with only a subset of parasite genotypes (2,3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No consistent relationship between these two measures was found; although total spore density was similar at several field sites, fish mortality differed. This puzzling observation was later explained by the discovery of several C. shasta internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) genotypes that differ in host-associated mortality (2,3). In particular, genotype I causes mortality in Chinook, whereas genotype II is pathogenic for coho and rainbow trout.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) from 2006 to 2010. We used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to estimate parasite density (number of C. shasta spores liter Ϫ1 of filtered river water) (15) and directly sequenced DNA in positive samples to determine the relative abundance of C. shasta ITS1 genotypes (2,3). We compared parasite density with sentinel fish mortality and constructed logistic regression models to determine if levels of parasite (genotype specific) could be used as a tool to predict mortality in salmon.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Density of the Waterborne Parasite Ceratomyxa shasta and Its Biological Effects on Salmon

Hallett

Ray

Hurst

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta is a significant pathogen of juvenile salmonids in the Pacific Northwest of North America and is limiting recovery of Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon populations in the Klamath River. We conducted a 5-year monitoring program that comprised concurrent sentinel fish exposures and water sampling across 212 river kilometers of the Klamath River. We used percent mortality and degree-days to death to measure disease severity in fish. We analyzed water samples using quantitative PCR and Sanger sequencing, to determine total parasite density and relative abundance of C. shasta genotypes, which differ in their pathogenicity to salmonids. We detected the parasite throughout the study zone, but parasite density and genetic composition fluctuated spatially and temporally. Chinook and coho mortality increased with density of their specific parasite genotype, but mortality-density thresholds and time to death differed. A lethality threshold of 40% mortality was reached with 10 spores liter ؊1 for Chinook but only 5 spores liter ؊1 for coho. Parasite density did not affect degree-days to death for Chinook but was negatively correlated for coho, and there was wider variation among coho individuals. These differences likely reflect the different life histories and genetic heterogeneity of the salmon populations. Direct quantification of the density of host-specific parasite genotypes in water samples offers a management tool for predicting host population-level impacts.

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“…They have also been successfully used for the fine-scale assessment of fish stocks and in fisheries forensics (Zelenina et al, 2011). Their use in parasitological studies has thus far remained limited, although SNPs have been employed in parasite strain characterizations (Atkinson and Bartholomew, 2010;Atkinson et al, 2011) and assessments of parasite communities (Rellstab et al, 2011).…”

Section: Which Methodologies Reveal Coevolutionary Relationships In Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Molecular Approaches for Investigating Patterns of Coevolution in Marine Host–Parasite Relationships

Froeschke¹,

Heyden²

2014

Advances in Parasitology

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Disparate infection patterns of Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) correlate with internal transcribed spacer-1 sequence variation in the parasite

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

Specific PCR for Myxobolus arcticus SSU rDNA in juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from British Columbia, Canada

Specific PCR for Myxobolus arcticus SSU rDNA in juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from British Columbia, Canada

Density of the Waterborne Parasite Ceratomyxa shasta and Its Biological Effects on Salmon

A Review of Molecular Approaches for Investigating Patterns of Coevolution in Marine Host–Parasite Relationships

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