Disparities in Smoking Cessation Between African Americans and Whites: 1990–2000

King, Gary; Polednak, Anthony P.; Bendel, Robert B.; Vilsaint, My C.; Nahata, Sunny

doi:10.2105/ajph.94.11.1965

Cited by 106 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This is in contrast to a number of previous studies that found demographic factors such as gender, socioeconomic status ( Amodei & Lamb, 2005 ;Honda, 2005 ;Hyland et al, 2004 ;Hymowitz et al, 1997 ), and race ( King et al, 2004 ;Lee & Kahende, 2007 ) to predict abstinence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2008) , the most important thing a person can do older age, higher socioeconomic status ( Honda, 2005 ;Hyland et al, 2004 ;Hymowitz et al, 1997 ), being White ( King, Poldenak, Bendel, Vilsaint, & Nahata, 2004 ;Lee & Kahende, 2007 ), and being married (Lee & Kahende;Murray, Johnston, Dolce, Lee, & O ' Hara, 1995 ;van Loon, Tijhuis, Surtees, & Ormel, 2005 ). Living with a nonsmoker has been shown to predict cessation success (e.g., Osler & Prescott, 1998 ), whereas living with a smoker predicts failure to quit ( Pisinger, Vestbo, Borch-Johnsen, & Jorgensen, 2005 ;Senore et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of nicotine replacement therapy in early quitting success

Amodei

Lamb²

2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nicotine replacement therapy in early quitting success

Amodei

Lamb²

2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…Our study is also consistent with prior research that African American smokers are less likely to quit smoking (1,2,19,20), independent of sociodemographic factors (3), and adds to this research because we also controlled for smoking history (e.g., nicotine dependence and age of initiation). However, other studies indicate that controlling for population differences in age of smoking initiation (21) or sociodemographic factors (22,23) dramatically attenuates or eliminates observed differences between African Americans and Caucasians. For example, an analysis of the CARDIA study, a longitudinal study of young adults (18-35 years) observed markedly lower 10-year cessation rates among African Americans than Caucasians (25% versus 35%; crude OR, 0.62 for women; 19% versus 31%; crude OR, 0.52 for men), but these differences were no longer significant after adjustment for socioeconomic factors (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Quit Ratios in Lifetime Smokers Ages 25 to 44 Years

Kodl

Joseph

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

126

118

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We examined racial/ethnic variations in the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and quit ratios among Caucasian, African American, Asian, and Latino lifetime smokers ages 25 to 44 years. We conducted cross-sectional analyses using data from individuals (n = 27,031) screened for enrollment in the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Nicotine Dependence. Participants were randomly sampled from three Midwestern metropolitan areas using Health Maintenance Organization membership lists in Detroit, MI and Minneapolis, MN and a driver's license registry in St. Louis, MO from March 2003 to August 2005. A telephone survey collected information on smoking history, previous quit attempts, and sociodemographic characteristics. Among lifetime smokers (n = 9,216), univariate analysis indicated that African Americans (22%) and Latinos (22%) were significantly less likely to report having ever used NRT for smoking cessation than Caucasians (31%).Asians (22%) also reported lower rates of using NRT than Caucasians, but this difference was marginally significant (P = 0.06). These disparities persisted in multivariate analysis for African Americans [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.76; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.63-0.91; P < 0.01] but not for Latinos (adjusted OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.54-1.06; P = 0.11) or Asians (adjusted OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.60-1.60; P = 0.95). As measured by the quit ratio, African Americans (35%) were less likely to have quit smoking than Caucasians (52%). This disparity persisted in multivariate logistic regression (adjusted OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78; P < 0.001). Asian and Latino smokers were as likely as Caucasians to report smoking cessation. Future prospective studies are needed to assess whether lower utilization of cessation treatments such as NRT contribute to the observed disparity in quit ratios for African Americans. (Cancer Epidemiol

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“…In a timeseries study of trends in quit behavior by age, Gilpin and Pierce (2002) show that although middle-aged smokers showed higher quit rates through the 1960s, the 1990 quit rates were higher for younger smokers. Differences in quit behavior by race are most pronounced between whites and African Americans, with whites more likely to quit smoking than African Americans (Gilpin and Pierce, 2002;Hahn et al, 1990;King et al, 2004). It is well established that more highly educated smokers are more likely to quit smoking (CDC, 2004, Gilpin andPierce, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who kicks the habit and how they do it: Socioeconomic differences across methods of quitting smoking in the USA

Lillard

Plassmann

Kenkel

et al. 2007

Social Science & Medicine

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Although the prevalence of smoking has declined among U.S. adults, an estimated 22.5 percent of the adult population (45.8 million adults) regularly smoked in 2002. Starting from this level, it will not be possible to achieve the Healthy People national health objectives of a reduction in the prevalence of smoking among adults to less than 12 percent by 2010 unless the rate of smoking cessation substantially rises from its current average of about 2.5 percent per year. To achieve that goal it is imperative that we better understand what factors are associated with successful quitting so that policies and resources can be better targeted. We describe the socioeconomic characteristics of smokers who attempt to and successfully quit and show how those characteristics differ across three methods smokers use in their cessation behavior; data are drawn from the 1995-1999 Simmons NAtional Consumer Surveys. These are 'no-cost' methods, the use of pharmaceutical products, and the use of conseling programs. The results highlight socioeconomic differences across the methods smoker use and provide evidence that can be used to better target smoking cessation information and resources to smokers most likely to use particular methods. Better targeting is likely to lead to more quitters. While it is unlikely that cessation rates can be raised by enough to achieve the reduction in national smoking prevalence that the Healthy People initiative has set, a better understanding of who chooses which method will move us closer to that goal.

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Disparities in Smoking Cessation Between African Americans and Whites: 1990–2000

Abstract: Statistical adjustment for covariates reduces African American-White disparities in quit ratios, and recent cessation patterns suggest possible future reductions in disparities.

Cited by 106 publications

References 38 publications

The role of nicotine replacement therapy in early quitting success

The role of nicotine replacement therapy in early quitting success

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Quit Ratios in Lifetime Smokers Ages 25 to 44 Years

Who kicks the habit and how they do it: Socioeconomic differences across methods of quitting smoking in the USA

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