Dispensing of low-temperature silver pastes

Gensowski, Katharina; Jimenez, Ana; Tepner, Sebastian; Bujnoch, Elisabeth; Muramatsu, Keiichi; Pospischil, Maximilian; Clement, Florian

doi:10.1063/5.0056103

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In previous studies, microscope images illustrate this difference. [ 19,28 ] It is expected that the electrode pitch differences of Δ = 0.012 mm do not cause this difference in module performances for both metallization technologies. The front contact metallization enables CIGS module designs with wide cells, especially dispensed Ag‐electrodes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 25–27 ] Furthermore, the dispensing approach enables a very uniform narrow Ag‐electrode shape which can be described by different geometrical parameters. [ 28 ] The maximum shaded area of the Ag‐electrode including any spreading is represented by the shading electrode width w shading . The core electrode width w core is defined as the part of electrode width, which shows a significant line height, meaning that no paste spreading is included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing the Effective Area of Small‐Sized CIGS Modules by Printed Ag Front Contacts

Gensowski

Freund

Tepner

et al. 2022

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Effective Area of Small‐Sized CIGS Modules by Printed Ag Front Contacts

Gensowski

Freund

Tepner

et al. 2022

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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“…Figure 15A presents a microscopic image of the nozzle exit during printing, indicating the working principle of the dispensing approach. Since then, Pospischil et al 245,312–315,349–351,353–358 were able to demonstrate in a series of publications that the parallel dispensing approach for a fine‐line metallization has an enormous potential for industrial application. They have been constantly improving the finger geometry while at the same time scaling up the process from a single nozzle continuous basic dispensing approach towards a multi nozzle dispensing print head for an intermittent process at very competitive industrial process speeds (Figure 15B).…”

Section: Alternative Metallization Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing technologies for silicon solar cell metallization: A comprehensive review

Tepner

Lorenz

2023

Progress in Photovoltaics

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This paper presents a comprehensive overview on printing technologies for metallization of solar cells. Throughout the last 30 years, flatbed screen printing has established itself as the predominant metallization process for the mass production of silicon solar cells. For this reason, we will provide a detailed review on its history, its evolution over time, and how the continuous efforts of the scientific and industrial community for further improvements revolutionized the entire PV industry. Furthermore, we will guide the reader through the physics on silicon solar cell metallization, the fundamentals on contact formation, and what type of challenges and requirements these topics create for printing technologies. The main topic of this review addresses the flatbed screen-printing process mechanics, its different process sequences, corresponding screen technology, and the very important impact of paste rheology on the printing result. Finally, we will compare alternative upcoming printing approaches to flatbed screen printing and discuss how they might solve upcoming challenges in metallization in terms of increasing the throughput rates at an everdecreasing grid line width and reduced silver consumption.

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“…Our latest results for SHJ metallization by parallel dispensing showed optimized line electrode widths of w f = 34 µm and an increased optical aspect ratio of AR o = 0.55 when using 25 µm nozzle openings. In that study, the Ag laydown of a 156 mm single line was m Ag = 0.30 mg electrode −1 12 . To achieve further progress in low-temperature curing Ag pastes, an understanding of the paste’s inner state during micro-extrusion is needed to solve the limitations of applicable process velocities and line electrode widths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filament stretching during micro-extrusion of silver pastes enables an improved fine-line silicon solar cell metallization

Gensowski

Much

Bujnoch

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The metallization of heterojunction solar cells requires a further reduction of silver consumption to lower production costs and save resources. This article presents how filament stretching of polymer-based low-temperature curing Ag pastes during micro-extrusion enables this reduction while at the same time offering a high production throughput potential. In a series of experiments the relationship between the printing velocity and the filament stretching, thus the reduction of Ag-electrode widths and Ag laydown is evaluated. Furthermore, an existing filament stretching model for the parallel dispensing process is advanced further and utilized to calculate the elongational viscosity. The stretching effect enables a reduction of the Ag-electrode width by down to Δwf = − 40%rel. depending on the nozzle diameter and paste type. The Ag laydown has been reduced from mAg,cal. = 0.84 mg per printed line to only mAg,cal. = 0.54 mg per printed Ag-electrode when 30 µm nozzle openings are used, demonstrating the promising potential of parallel dispensing technology for the metallization of silicon heterojunction solar cells.

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Dispensing of low-temperature silver pastes

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Increasing the Effective Area of Small‐Sized CIGS Modules by Printed Ag Front Contacts

Increasing the Effective Area of Small‐Sized CIGS Modules by Printed Ag Front Contacts

Printing technologies for silicon solar cell metallization: A comprehensive review

Filament stretching during micro-extrusion of silver pastes enables an improved fine-line silicon solar cell metallization

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