Dispersal and influences on movement forAnoplophora glabripenniscalculated from individual mark‐recapture

Abstract

We conducted an individual mark-release-recapture experiment on the beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). This invasive beetle has been introduced from Asia to Europe and North America and poses a serious threat to several important species of tree. Eradication efforts may benefit from knowledge of dispersal behaviour. Trees were cut and held to determine emergence rate of A. glabripennis . Unique marks were painted onto 912 beetles released into a group of 165 trees in Gansu, China. Data on subsequent sightings of beetles were used in a truncated diffusion model to calculate flight distances. Characteristics of the trees and climatic information were used in statistical tests for influence on movement. A total of 2245 sightings of beetles were observed and 29% of marked beetles were resighted. The scanning technique using binoculars was 90% effective in finding beetles and provided 81% accuracy for determining the sex of the beetles. Experimental manipulation of density quantified how A. glabripennis congregated on unoccupied trees and were repulsed from crowded hosts. The seasonal emergence rate of adults declined exponentially from July 20 to August 5. The results suggested A. glabripennis fly to nearby host trees at a rate of 34% per day. Median flight distance was estimated at 20 m per day. Statistical analysis with a generalized linear model tested the beetle's propensity to leave a tree and distance of flight. Generally, beetle movement showed a significant response to beetle density, weather conditions, beetle size, and tree size, in that order. The techniques developed here improve on previous recapture techniques to quantify dispersal and can be useful for analysing populations of other organisms.

Dispersal differences of a pest and a protected Cerambyx species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in oak open woodlands: a mark–recapture comparative study

“…Recapture rates obtained (Cw, 0.46-0.59; Cc, 0.51-0.56) were similar to or higher than those reported in recent studies with Cw using trapping [0.42-0.50 ( Torres-Vila et al, 2012) and0.26-0.35 (Torres-Vila et al, 2013)] or resighting (0.04-0.22;López-Pantoja et al, 2008). Recapture rates were also similar to or higher than those reported for other large and medium-sized cerambycids: 0.29 in A. glabripennis (Bancroft & Smith, 2005), 0.26-0.33 in Rosalia alpina L. (Drag et al, 2011), 0.42-0.76 in Prinobius myardi Mulsant (López-Pantoja et al, 2011 in Leptura species (Tikkamäki & Komonen, 2011) and 0.06-0.18 in Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier . Mark-recapture is the most common method for estimating population size and dispersal in insects, especially when environmental factors are expected to affect demographic parameters (Southwood, 1978;Okubo, 1980;Seber, 1982;Rudd & Gandor, 1985;Turchin, 1998;Bancroft & Smith, 2005;Elek et al, 2014).…”

“…Recapture rates were also similar to or higher than those reported for other large and medium-sized cerambycids: 0.29 in A. glabripennis (Bancroft & Smith, 2005), 0.26-0.33 in Rosalia alpina L. (Drag et al, 2011), 0.42-0.76 in Prinobius myardi Mulsant (López-Pantoja et al, 2011 in Leptura species (Tikkamäki & Komonen, 2011) and 0.06-0.18 in Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier . Mark-recapture is the most common method for estimating population size and dispersal in insects, especially when environmental factors are expected to affect demographic parameters (Southwood, 1978;Okubo, 1980;Seber, 1982;Rudd & Gandor, 1985;Turchin, 1998;Bancroft & Smith, 2005;Elek et al, 2014). Flight curves of Cw and Cc showed a clear bimodal pattern due to temperature drops that occurred in both years in mid-June, resulting in decreased adult activity and also almost certainly trap attraction in that period.…”

“…These include wind-assisted passive dispersal (unlikely in large species as Cw and Cc), habitat features, host tree quality, tree density and insect population density affecting intra-or interspecific competition for vital resources (Lawrence, 1988;Togashi, 1988;Smith et al, 2001;Bancroft & Smith, 2005;Ranius, 2006;Drag et al, 2011;Torres-Vila et al, 2012). The effect of adult age on flight duration was recognised early and many insects are known to change movement pattern with age (Johnson, 1969;Hastings, 1992), including cerambycids (Togashi, 1990).…”

“…In this way, stress and mortality factors were minimised in the released adults, while their tendency to disperse towards more receptive trees was improved. An additional factor increasing the dispersal trend was the interaction among crowded adults (both of Cw and Cc) released simultaneously in each session (Bancroft & Smith, 2005). In fact, all adults released throughout the experiment left the release tree sooner or later.…”

A Mathematical Model for the Control and Eradication of a Wood Boring Beetle Infestation

“…Short range dispersal of adult beetles could possibly be modeled, as a first approximation, by the incorporation of Fickian diffusion. However, the actual dispersal behavior of the ALB is not so straightforward, and some experimental work reported in Bancroft and Smith [1] suggests a dependence on beetle density, weather conditions, beetle size and tree size, and that a thorough knowledge of dispersal behavior will be beneficial to eradication efforts. Release of the ALB is prohibited in the US, so there is little experimental work documented, but there have been detailed mark and release studies in Gansu Province, China (Smith et al [17]) at a site chosen for its landscape similarities to those of urban infestations in the US.…”