Dispersal and philopatry in Central European Red Kites Milvus milvus

Literák, Ivan; Raab, Rainer; Škrábal, Jan; Vyhnal, Stanislav; Dostál, Marek; Matušík, Hynek; Makoň, Karel; Maderič, Boris; Spakovszky, Péter

doi:10.1007/s10336-021-01950-5

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This does not, however, seem to be a general pattern either historically or at present, as there are individual countries with either relatively large (e.g., Sweden) or small (e.g., Poland) winter populations (Evans and Pienkowski 1991, Aebischer and Scherler 2021). Although some individuals may have migrated into our study area from breeding populations in northern Europe, especially Poland (Maciorowski et al 2019), it is also known that some birds from our region regularly migrate to southern Europe (Raab et al 2017, Literák et al 2022). In fact, most migratory Red Kites breeding in central Europe migrate to Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy, where their most important wintering grounds are situated (Spina and Volponi 2008, Bairlein et al 2014, Literák et al 2022); the wintering grounds in northern Africa and southeastern Europe are less important (Literák et al 2019, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrated Approach Improves Monitoring of Wintering Red Kites in Central Europe

Dostál,

Literák,

Horal

et al. 2023

Journal of Raptor Research

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The Red Kite (Milvus milvus) is a common raptor in suitable areas of Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia during the nonbreeding season. However, the exact number of birds wintering in these countries remains unknown. Through an integrated approach using satellite telemetry, direct field surveys at nocturnal roosts, and citizen science databases, we estimated the wintering population of Red Kites in this area during the winter of 2020/2021. Based on three surveys taking place at the beginning (28 November 2020), middle (9 January 2021), and end (5 February 2021) of winter, respectively, we counted 566, 558, and 536 Red Kites. The observations from online citizen science databases mostly appeared to correspond with the area of communal roost sites. Using our combined approach, the estimates of wintering Red Kites were determined as minimum numbers in the study area. A comparison of historical data (from the second half of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries, respectively) and our own results suggests that the wintering population of Red Kites in the study area has increased substantially. This dynamic could be caused by changes in climatic conditions, a shift of the birds' breeding range in Europe, changes in migration behavior and/or food availability, and/or conservation efforts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrated Approach Improves Monitoring of Wintering Red Kites in Central Europe

Dostál,

Literák,

Horal

et al. 2023

Journal of Raptor Research

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“…Second, the permanence of the males near the nest throughout the entire year could be an effective way to protect and maintain the territory until the next breeding period. Female red kites from Central Europe usually travel further distances during dispersal and migration than males [ 28 ]. Similarly, our results support that Spanish female red kites have greater mobility in the post-reproductive period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species has great variability in its spatial strategies. The largest number of reproductive pairs from Central Europe perform an intra-continental migration to their wintering areas located in southern Europe [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. However, there are also resident breeding populations in different European regions, especially in the southern limits of its distribution [ 29 , 30 ]), including more than 2000 pairs in Spain [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking Variability in the Post-Reproductive Movements of Spanish Red Kites (Milvus milvus): Three Strategies, Sex Differences, and Changes over Time

García-Macía

Pomares

Puente³

et al. 2022

Animals

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It was assumed that the Spanish breeding population of the red kite (Milvus milvus) was resident, hence their movements were restricted to their breeding area for their entire lifecycle. However, recent observations indicated that the post-reproductive strategies of the red kite in Spain are more diverse. We tagged 47 breeding adult red kites in Spain and analyzed their movements during the post-reproductive period (July–February). We found three strategies in the population: migration (10%), sedentarism (70%), and sedentarism with post-reproductive movements (20%), based on seasonality and other movement parameters. Sedentarism with post-reproductive movements was a very variable strategy that involved all-direction wandering movements far away from the nest (up to 589 km) after breeding season, and then a returned journey toward the starting point in time for the next breeding season. Our results also suggest that sedentarism with post-reproductive movements is much more common in females than males. Furthermore, 17% of the individuals changed their strategy over the years. This study highlights the great individual variability and plasticity of the red kite and allows for a better understanding of spatial ecology in opportunistic raptors.

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“…Using a stepwise approach, we partition natal effects on the tendency to leave the study population from the natal effects on the social and spatial phenotypes within it, characterized through social networks and analysis of individual movement and space use. Given the marked male-biased philopatry in the species (Evans et al, 2010;Literák et al, 2022), we expect high-quality (early-hatched, food supplemented) males to spend more time prospecting in the natal area, where important environmental and social cues can be collected to inform future dispersal strategies (Patchett et al, 2022). Further, we hypothesize that suboptimal developmental conditions affect juveniles' competitiveness (Mainwaring et al, 2023) and learning strategies (Farine et al, 2015;Fisher et al, 2006) such that lowquality (last-hatched, non-supplemented) individuals would rely more on social cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natal legacies cause social and spatial marginalization during dispersal

Catitti,

Grüebler,

Farine

et al. 2024

Ecology Letters

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Early‐life experiences can drive subsequent variation in social behaviours, but how differences among individuals emerge remains unknown. We combined experimental manipulations with GPS‐tracking to investigate the pathways through which developmental conditions affect social network position during the early dispersal of wild red kites (Milvus milvus). Across 211 juveniles from 140 broods, last‐hatched chicks—the least competitive—had the fewest number of peer encounters after fledging. However, when food supplemented, they had more encounters than all others. Using 4425 bird‐days of GPS data, we revealed that this was driven by differential responses to competition, with less competitive individuals naturally spreading out into marginal areas, and clustering in central foraging areas when food supplemented. Our results suggest that early‐life adversities can cause significant natal legacies on individual behaviour beyond independence, with potentially far‐reaching consequences on the social and spatial structure of animal populations.

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Dispersal and philopatry in Central European Red Kites Milvus milvus

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Integrated Approach Improves Monitoring of Wintering Red Kites in Central Europe

Integrated Approach Improves Monitoring of Wintering Red Kites in Central Europe

Striking Variability in the Post-Reproductive Movements of Spanish Red Kites (Milvus milvus): Three Strategies, Sex Differences, and Changes over Time

Natal legacies cause social and spatial marginalization during dispersal

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