Dispersal Limitations of Epiphytic Lichens Result in Species Dependent on Old-Growth Forests

Sillett, Stephen C.; McCune, Bruce; Peck, JeriLynn E.; Rambo, Thomas R.; Ruchty, Andrea

doi:10.2307/2641045

Cited by 100 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…We found that, the smooth bark of young beech trees made propagule attachment very difficult, whereas large colonized trees were located close to a focal tree. Thus, beech tree diameter is a key parameter, because bark becomes coarser with age and larger trees have been available for colonization for a longer time period (Barkman 1958;Sillett et al 2000;Gu et al 2001;Belinchón et al 2009;Fritz 2009). However, the characteristic rough bark of oak trees, even when young, seemed more suited to the establishment of L. pulmonaria.…”

Section: -1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be a general rule for L. pulmonaria (Price & Hochachka 2001;Edman et al 2008;Fritz et al 2008), but our results suggest that this approach may not work efficiently in beech stands. Thus, specific recommendations on the spatial pattern and density of remnant trees are urgently needed in order to take full advantage of their potential as a source of lichen propagules (Sillett et al 2000;Hilmo & Sástad 2001). The difficulty of L. pulmonaria beech tree colonization means that lichen dynamics largely depends on the availability of suitable bark microhabitats.…”

Section: -1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic demographic processes of epiphytic lichens can be classified into three distinct stages: (1) dispersal of propagules; (2) establishment of thalli; and (3) growth of established thalli (Bailey 1976;Sillett et al 2000), with germination probably being the most critical stage (Hilmo & Sástad 2001). Based on this knowledge, previous studies have evaluated the underlying process of epiphytic distribution, focussing on dispersal and establishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

et al. 2011

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Section: -1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

et al. 2011

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“…Mounting indirect evidence from studies on epiphytic (i.e., tree-inhabiting) cryptogams of temperate regions suggests that dispersal limitation, as opposed to microsite variability, best explains local distribution patterns in both anthropogenically disturbed (Dettki et al 2002;Lindén et al 2003;Snäll et al 2003) and old-growth (Sillet et al 2000) forest habitats. Likewise, our results, which uniquely include direct measurements of epiphyll colonization rates, corroborate the results of such studies conducted in temperate areas.…”

Section: Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metapopulation Extinction Thresholds in Rain Forest Remnants

Zartman¹,

Shaw²

2006

The American Naturalist

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Although habitat fragmentation is a major threat to global biodiversity, the demographic mechanisms underlying species loss from tropical forest remnants remain largely unexplored. In particular, no studies at the landscape scale have quantified fragmentation's impacts on colonization, extinction, and local population growth simultaneously. In central Amazonia, we conducted a multiyear demographic census of 292 populations of two leaf-inhabiting (i.e., epiphyllous) bryophyte species transplanted from continuous forest into a network of 10 study sites ranging from 1, 10, and 100 to 110,000 ha in size. All populations experienced significantly positive local growth ( ) and a nearly constant per-generational l 1 1 extinction probability (15%). However, experimental leaf patches in reserves of ≥100 ha experienced nearly double (48%) the colonization probability observed in small reserves (27%), suggesting that the proximate cause of epiphyll species loss in small fragments (≤10 ha) is reduced colonization. Nonetheless, populations of small fragments exhibit rates of colonization above patch extinction, positive local growth, and low temporal variation, which are features that should theoretically reduce the probability of extinction. This result suggests that for habitat-tracking metapopulations subject to frequent and stochastic turnover events, including epiphylls, colonization/extinction ratios must be maintained well above unity to ensure metapopulation persistence.

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“…In Brazil, there is only a record of host trees in mangrove regions (Marcelli 1992), while for trees from native Araucaria forests, Pinus and Eucalyptus monocultures, so far almost no data has been published (but see Kaffer et al 2009). In regions of Europe and North America, studies indicate that conifers usually have low pH, with variations between 3.0 and 6.0 (Hale 1983;Sillet et al 2000a;Kermit & Gauslaa 2001;Löbel et al 2006;Wolseley et al 2006;Larsen et al 2007). For the FLONA areas, individuals from the same species, as for example, A. angustifolia, Pinus taeda and P. elliottii and from the same genus, as Eucalyptus sp.…”

Section: Sticta Weigelii Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and composition of the lichenized mycota in a landscape mosaic of southern Brazil

2010

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RESUMO -(Distribuição e composição da micota liquenizada corticícola em um mosaico de paisagem do sul do sul do Brasil). Os fungos liquenizados são componentes epífi tos em áreas fl orestais, sendo que as ações antrópicas podem ocasionar modifi cações na composição e distribuição espacial das espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar como a comunidade liquênica corticícola está distribuída na vegetação nativa e plantada, além de investigar uma possível manifestação de preferência da comunidade liquênica por forófi to e sua relação com o pH da casca dos mesmos. Foram analisados 120 forófi tos distribuídos em 12 manchas de vegetação nativa e plantada: Floresta Ombrófi la Mista, Plantações de Araucária, Pinos e Eucaliptos. Amostras adicionais de fungos liquenizados foram coletadas em todas as manchas de vegetação e/ou trilhas que levavam a estas, em coletas denominadas não sistemáticas. Foram registrados 113 táxons de fungos liquenizados, sendo 78 espécies no levantamento de comparação entre ambientes e 35 acrescentadas através das coletas adicionais. A maior diversidade de espécies foi registrada na Plantação de Araucária, enquanto que a maior ocorrência de táxons de ambientes sombreados foi verifi cada nas manchas da Floresta Ombrófi la Mista. O maior número de táxons liquênicos foi registrado em forófi tos com pH da casca básico. As variações registradas na composição e distribuição da comunidade liquênica podem estar relacionadas às características dos forófi tos encontrados nestas áreas. Palavras-chave: Composição, liquens, forófi tos, Floresta de Araucária, pH da casca ABSTRACT -(Distribution and composition of the lichenized mycota in a landscape mosaic of southern Brazil). Lichenized fungi are epiphytic components of forest areas where anthropogenic activities may cause changes in species composition and spatial distribution. The aim of this work is to evaluate how the lichen community is distributed on native and planted vegetation, and also to investigate possible preferences of the lichen community for specifi c host trees related to bark pH values. A total of 120 host-trees distributed in 12 remnants of native and planted vegetation were analyzed: native Araucaria forest and Araucaria, pine and eucalyptus plantations. Additional samples of lichenized fungi were collected in all vegetation types and adjacent trails, using a non-systematic sampling protocol. One hundred thirteen taxa of lichenized fungi were recorded, of which 78 species originated from the survey comparing the four habitats and 35 were added by additional collections. The highest species diversity was recorded in the Araucaria plantation while the greatest occurrence of shade tolerant taxa was found in the native Araucaria forest type. The largest number of lichen taxa was recorded on host-trees with basic bark pH. The wide variety of lichen community composition and distribution registered may be related to the host-tree characteristics found in these areas.

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Dispersal Limitations of Epiphytic Lichens Result in Species Dependent on Old-Growth Forests

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

Metapopulation Extinction Thresholds in Rain Forest Remnants

Distribution and composition of the lichenized mycota in a landscape mosaic of southern Brazil

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