Dispersal of Newly Eclosed European Corn Borer Adults (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from Corn into Small-Grain Aggregation Plots

Reardon, B. J.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Sappington, Thomas W.

doi:10.1093/jee/99.5.1641

Cited by 11 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Dispersal of newly emerged marked adults beyond suitable grassy aggregation sites (Showers et al 2001, Reardon et al 2006) is consistent with migratory behavior. However, such dispersal also is consistent with foraging behavior associated with goals unrelated to aggregation site colonization, having the effect of displacing the adults away from the adjacent available sites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…A more appropriate term to describe this pattern is migratory (or migration) syndrome (Drake et al 1995, Dingle 2001, 2006, Dingle and Drake 2007, Roff and Fairbairn 2007, reßecting the species-speciÞc integration of physiological, morphological, developmental, and behavioral mechanisms coordinating migration as a life history trait (Dingle 2006, Rankin 1989, Sappington and Showers 1992b, McNeil et al 1995, Drake et al 1995, Isaacs and Byrne 1998, Dingle and Drake 2007. Evidence from Þeld studies has suggested that dispersal of European corn borers during the Þrst full night after emergence is extensive, with only a small percentage remaining nearby for Ͼ1Ð2 d (Showers et al 1976, 2001, Hunt et al 2001, Qureshi et al 2005, Sappington 2005, Dalecky et al 2006b, Reardon et al 2006. Females of this species do not call (i.e., release pheromone to attract males) on the night of emergence (Royer and McNeil 1991), but many mate the following night and most are mated by 2 d of age (Caffrey and Worthley 1927, Royer and McNeil 1991, Fadamiro and Baker 1999, Dalecky et al 2006b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study (Reardon et al 2006), newly emerged marked adults dispersed at least 300 m, the longest distance within the sampling arena containing favorable aggregation site habitat. Others have noted a similar lack, or low level, of residency in many experiments involving release of newly emerged marked adults (Showers et al 2001, Dalecky et al 2006b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies of European corn borer dispersal have been conducted in the Þeld using mark-release-recapture strategies (Hunt et al 2001, Showers et al 2001, Qureshi et al 2005, Dalecky et al 2006b, Reardon et al 2006, Bailey et al 2007, Reardon and Sappington 2007. Previous studies examined temporal rhythms of adult movement into and out of grassy aggregation sites or into traps over the course of a night and related that movement to nightly periodicity in drinking, mating, and oviposition behavior, all of which can be affected by local weather conditions (Loughner 1972, Showers et al 1974a, 1976, DeRozari et al 1977, Sappington and Showers 1983a.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have noted a similar lack, or low level, of residency in many experiments involving release of newly emerged marked adults (Showers et al 2001, Dalecky et al 2006b). Reardon et al (2006) suggested the possibility of an obligate migratory phase of young adults. Migration of many insects occurs during the prereproductive period (Johnson 1969, Drake et al 1995, Dingle and Drake 2007.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for Obligate Migratory Flight Behavior in Young European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Females

Dorhout

Sappington²,

Rice

2008

Environ Entomol

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European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, flight behavior was examined in laboratory experiments. Adults were each tethered to 1 of 16 round-about flight mills in an environmental chamber, and the data were relayed to a computer. Parameters analyzed included duration, distance, and speed of the longest continuous flight and total flight time during an 8-h night. Comparisons were made between unmated and mated adults of both sexes at different ages up to 5 d after emergence. For unmated females, duration of the longest flight was highest the first night after emergence, declining significantly by 5 d of age. In contrast, duration of the longest flight for males was lowest at 1 d of age, increasing significantly by 3 d of age. Flight speed of females was roughly twice that of males at all ages. Mating did not affect flight behavior of either sex at any age tested, but mated adults could not be tested before 2 d of age because the first night was needed for mating. The pattern of age-specific flight behavior suggests that unmated females engage in obligate migratory flight the first full night after emergence. The median duration of this flight was ≈2 h in our experiments, with some adults flying continuously for the full 8 h of darkness. Females of other ages and males of all ages tested were capable of long-duration flights, but they more likely represent foraging flight. These results help explain the high dispersal rate of newly emerged adults from release sites in field experiments. KeywordsOstrinia nubilalis, migration, dispersal, flight behavior, flight mill ABSTRACT European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, ßight behavior was examined in laboratory experiments. Adults were each tethered to 1 of 16 round-about ßight mills in an environmental chamber, and the data were relayed to a computer. Parameters analyzed included duration, distance, and speed of the longest continuous ßight and total ßight time during an 8-h night. Comparisons were made between unmated and mated adults of both sexes at different ages up to 5 d after emergence. For unmated females, duration of the longest ßight was highest the Þrst night after emergence, declining signiÞcantly by 5 d of age. In contrast, duration of the longest ßight for males was lowest at 1 d of age, increasing signiÞcantly by 3 d of age. Flight speed of females was roughly twice that of males at all ages. Mating did not affect ßight behavior of either sex at any age tested, but mated adults could not be tested before 2 d of age because the Þrst night was needed for mating. The pattern of age-speciÞc ßight behavior suggests that unmated females engage in obligate migratory ßight the Þrst full night after emergence. The median duration of this ßight was Ϸ2 h in our experiments, with some adults ßying continuously for the full 8 h of darkness. Females of other ages and males of all ages tested were capable of long-duration ßights, but they more likely represent foraging ßight. These results help explain the high dispersal rate of newly emerged adults from release...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%