Dispersal Patterns of Pine Wilt Disease in the Early Stage of Its Invasion in South Korea

Choi, Won Il; Song, H.; Kim, Dong Soo; Lee, Daesung; Lee, Cha-Young; Nam, Young‐Woo; Kim, Joon Bum; Park, Young‐Seuk

doi:10.3390/f8110411

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These results show that the dispersal patterns of PWD are Type 2 based on Shigesada et al [41]. Choi et al [46] estimated the annual dispersal distance in South Korea to be 0.37 km, based on the annual changes of areas damaged by PWD in the early stages of invasion, and the annual dispersal distances were less than 1.0 km in most (88.8%) of damaged areas; they also showed that "jumping" was the dominant dispersal method in the early stages of the invasion, while later dispersal was due to the expansion of existing colonies. Dispersal speed increased with increasing human population density, suggesting human-mediated dispersal [66,67].…”

Section: Occurrence History and Ecologysupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The area damaged by the PNGM was the highest (351,679 ha) in 1971 and then gradually decreased to 73,206 ha by 2004 [14]. This might have been caused by several factors such as PNGM management and the development of natural enemies [12,46] PNGM density. The emergence rate increases with increasing soil water content, while it decreases with the decreasing water content [48].…”

Section: Occurrence History and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle) is a serious pest for pine trees in many countries, including South Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, and Portugal [12,46,[59][60][61]. Pine trees in Asia and Europe are susceptible to the PWN, and the tree mortality of P. densiflora and P. thunbergii can reach 100% when infected by the PWN [12].…”

Section: Occurrence History and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dispersal distances of M. saltuarius over its entire life span was estimated to be 2.71 and 1.93 km for males and females, respectively, based on a flight mill experiment [70]. The contributions of human-mediated dispersal of PWD were reported in China [71], Japan [72] and Korea [46,59]. Due to human-mediated dispersal, actual PWD dispersal distance was longer than the dispersal capacity of the vector insects.…”

Section: Occurrence History and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Major Insect Pests of Pine Forests in Korea Over the Last 50 Years

Choi

Nam

Lee

et al. 2019

Forests

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Understanding the occurrence patterns of forest pests is fundamental for effective forest management from both economic and ecological perspectives. Here, we review the history of the occurrence patterns and causes of outbreaks and declines of pests in Korean pine forests over the last 50 years. During this period, the major pests of pine forests in Korea have shifted from pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler) to the pine needle gall midge (PNGM, Thecodiplosis japonensis (Uchida and Inouye)) and finally to pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle). Outbreaks of pine caterpillar, a native species in Korea, have been recorded as far back as 900 years, and it was the most relevant forest pest in Korea until the 1970s. The decline of its importance has been attributed to reforestation and higher levels of subsequent natural enemy activity. The PNGM is an invasive species, first discovered in Korea in 1929, that became widely distributed by 1992 and the major forest pest in the 1980s and 1990s. A suite of parasitic wasps attacking the PNGM contributed at least partially to the decline of PNGM densities. Following the decline of the PNGM, damage from PWD has increased since 2003. These shifts in major forest pests might be related to changes in forest composition and interactions among forest pests. Therefore, a new management strategy for controlling forest pests is required to mitigate the decline of pine forests in Korea.

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Section: Occurrence History and Ecologysupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Occurrence History and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence History and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence History and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes in Major Insect Pests of Pine Forests in Korea Over the Last 50 Years

Choi

Nam

Lee

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…The occurrence of invasive species has increased worldwide due to global warming and international trade [1][2][3]. At the beginning of the invasion process, the community containing the invasive species does not have appropriate species interactions, such as prey-predator, host-parasite, and competition between species to stabilize the community dynamics [4][5][6]. Therefore, they can cause a severe impact on the existing ecosystem, resulting in notorious pests in many countries [7], for example, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), the Asian long horn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), found in the USA [8], and the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner and Buhrer), which is found in many countries, including Korea and Japan [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence Prediction of the Citrus Flatid Planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) in South Korea Using a Random Forest Model

Lee

Bae

Byun

et al. 2019

Forests

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Invasive species cause a severe impact on existing ecosystems. The citrus flatid planthopper (CFP; Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) is an invasive species in many countries. Predicting potential occurrence areas of the species related to environmental conditions is important for effective forest ecosystem management. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence patterns of the CFP and predicted its potential occurrence areas in South Korea using a random forest model for a hazard rating of forests considering meteorological and landscape variables. We obtained the occurrence data of the CFP in South Korea from literature and government documents and extracted seven environmental variables (altitude, slope, distance to road (geographical), annual mean temperature, minimum temperature in January, maximum temperature in July, and annual precipitation (meteorological)) and the proportion of land cover types across seven categories (urban, agriculture, forest, grassland, wetland, barren, and water) at each occurrence site from digital maps using a Geographic Information System. The CFP occurrence areas were mostly located at low altitudes, near roads and urbanized areas. Our prediction model also supported these results. The CFP has a high potential to be distributed over the whole of South Korea, excluding high mountainous areas. Finally, factors related to human activities, such as roads and urbanization, strongly influence the occurrence and dispersal of the CFP. Therefore, we propose that these factors should be considered carefully in monitoring and surveillance programs for the CFP and other invasive species.

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Expansion of non‐native plant Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze driven by a range of factors leading to patchy distribution patterns

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Given the growing concern over the ecological impacts of non‐native species, exploring these species' expansion edge and distribution patterns and their driving factors is important for developing suitable management measures. Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, a non‐native plant that was introduced to China in the 1990s, has spread from southern Hebei Province, where it first took root, to the surrounding regions and has become one of the most notorious invasive weeds in northern China. Based on 15 years (2006–2021) of extensive field investigations, the spatial distribution of sampling and occurrence points were mapped in the recently expanded region of F. bidentis' population. Then, nearest neighbor analysis is used to characterize the spatial pattern differences between samplings and occurrences. An exponential decay function was used to elucidate the driving factors contributing to the presence and absence of F. bidentis. Our results demonstrated an effective random sampling setup, a heterogeneous spatial distribution of F. bidentis, and a multi‐regional independent aggregation distribution pattern (p < .01). There were significant spatial correlations between the aggregation areas of plant occurrence points and the locations of roads and construction sand distribution centers. These findings suggest that human activities involving major roads and construction sand distribution centers were driving factors contributing to this long‐distance dispersal and spatially discontinuous distribution patterns. The presence of these patchy distribution patterns has important implications for ongoing efforts to manage populations of non‐native species.

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Dispersal Patterns of Pine Wilt Disease in the Early Stage of Its Invasion in South Korea

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Changes in Major Insect Pests of Pine Forests in Korea Over the Last 50 Years

Changes in Major Insect Pests of Pine Forests in Korea Over the Last 50 Years

Occurrence Prediction of the Citrus Flatid Planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) in South Korea Using a Random Forest Model

Expansion of non‐native plant Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze driven by a range of factors leading to patchy distribution patterns

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