Dispersed air flotation of Chlorella saccharophila and subsequent extraction of lipids – Effect of supercritical CO2 extraction parameters and surfactant pretreatment

Alhattab, Mariam; Kermanshahi-pour, Azadeh; Brooks, Marianne Su-Ling

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105297

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Moreover, small amounts of CTAB (0.45 mM) were required to improve flocculation and harvesting. Recently, Alhattab et al [59] tripled the amount of total FAME extracted by 24 hours' pretreatment with the surfactant CTAB, followed by SFE with supercritical CO 2 (sc-CO 2 ) of Chlorella saccharophila biomass. However, they also observed that although the extraction was higher, the FAME composition changed significantly.…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Biomolecules: Extraction, Separation and Purification Methods

et al. 2020

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Several microalgae species have been exploited due to their great biotechnological potential for the production of a range of biomolecules that can be applied in a large variety of industrial sectors. However, the major challenge of biotechnological processes is to make them economically viable, through the production of commercially valuable compounds. Most of these compounds are accumulated inside the cells, requiring efficient technologies for their extraction, recovery and purification. Recent improvements approaching physicochemical treatments (e.g., supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed electric fields, among others) and processes without solvents are seeking to establish sustainable and scalable technologies to obtain target products from microalgae with high efficiency and purity. This article reviews the currently available approaches reported in literature, highlighting some examples covering recent granted patents for the microalgae’s components extraction, recovery and purification, at small and large scales, in accordance with the worldwide trend of transition to bio-based products.

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Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Biomolecules: Extraction, Separation and Purification Methods

et al. 2020

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“…Extraction of C. vulgaris at 40 °C and 37 MPa, with a mixture of hexane and ethanol as co-solvents, led to extracts composed of 30.05% palmitic acid, 30.22% stearic acid, 3.24% lauric acid, 4.82% myristic acid, 3.01% arachidic acid, 2.54% palmitoleic acid, 3.38% oleic acid, 1.63% linoleic acid, 1.71% docosahexaenoic acid and 2.98% eicosapentanoic acid [ 67 ]. Alhattab et al, by performing SFE of C. saccharophila at 73 °C and 24.1 MPa recovered extracts composed of 20.4% total FAME [ 48 ]. Microwave pretreated C. vulgaris , submitted to SFE at 70 °C and 28 MPa, led to 26.589 mg palmitic acid/ 100 mg oil , 27.296 mg oleic acid /100 mg oil , 10.403 mg linoleic acid /100 mg oil and 16.163 mg α-linoleic acid /100 mg oil [ 57 ].…”

Section: Supercritical Co 2 Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Pigments, Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

et al. 2023

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Supercritical CO2 extraction is a green method that combines economic and environmental benefits. Microalgae, on the other hand, is a biomass in abundance, capable of providing a vast variety of valuable compounds, finding applications in the food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biofuels. An extensive study on the existing literature concerning supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of microalgae has been carried out focusing on carotenoids, chlorophylls, lipids and fatty acids recovery, as well as the bioactivity of the extracts. Moreover, kinetic models used to describe SFE process and experimental design are included. Finally, biomass pretreatment processes applied prior to SFE are mentioned, and other extraction methods used as benchmarks are also presented.

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“…Flotation is another alternative for cell harvesting that has very promising energy-saving characteristics. Implementing this economic process in N-ASX recovery can be beneficial in the downstream processes (Sankaran et al, 2018;Alhattab et al, 2019). One of the various flotation techniques is dissolved air flotation, where at very high pressures, gas bubbles are produced in size range of 10-30 µm.…”

Section: Cell Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Downstream Processing of Natural Astaxanthin for Pharmaceutical Application

et al. 2021

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Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll pigment considered as a nutraceutical with high antioxidant activity. Several clinical trials have shown the multiple health benefits of this molecule; therefore, it has various pharmaceutical industry applications. Commercial astaxanthin can be produced by chemical synthesis or through biosynthesis within different microorganisms. The molecule produced by the microorganisms is highly preferred due to its zero toxicity and superior therapeutic properties. However, the biotechnological production of the xanthophyll is not competitive against the chemical synthesis, since the downstream process may represent 70–80% of the process production cost. These operations denote then an opportunity to optimize the process and make this alternative more competitive. Since ASX is produced intracellularly by the microorganisms, high investment and high operational costs, like centrifugation and bead milling or high-pressure homogenization, are mainly used. In cell recovery, flocculation and flotation may represent low energy demanding techniques, whereas, after cell disruption, an efficient extraction technique is necessary to extract the highest percentage of ASX produced by the cell. Solvent extraction is the traditional method, but large-scale ASX production has adopted supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2), an efficient and environmentally friendly technology. On the other hand, assisted technologies are extensively reported since the cell disruption, and ASX extraction can be carried out in a single step. Because a high-purity product is required in pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical applications, the use of chromatography is necessary for the downstream process. Traditionally liquid-solid chromatography techniques are applied; however, the recent emergence of liquid-liquid chromatography like high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with liquid-solid chromatography allows high productivity and purity up to 99% of ASX. Additionally, the use of SC-CO2, coupled with two-dimensional chromatography, is very promising. Finally, the purified ASX needs to be formulated to ensure its stability and bioavailability; thus, encapsulation is widely employed. In this review, we focus on the processes of cell recovery, cell disruption, drying, extraction, purification, and formulation of ASX mainly produced in Haematococcus pluvialis, Phaffia rhodozyma, and Paracoccus carotinifaciens. We discuss the current technologies that are being developed to make downstream operations more efficient and competitive in the biotechnological production process of this carotenoid.

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Dispersed air flotation of Chlorella saccharophila and subsequent extraction of lipids – Effect of supercritical CO2 extraction parameters and surfactant pretreatment

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

Microalgae Biomolecules: Extraction, Separation and Purification Methods

Microalgae Biomolecules: Extraction, Separation and Purification Methods

Recent Advances in Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Pigments, Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

Importance of Downstream Processing of Natural Astaxanthin for Pharmaceutical Application

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