Dispersed cobalt embedded nitrogen-rich carbon framework activates peroxymonosulfate for carbamazepine degradation: cobalt leaching restriction and mechanism investigation

Carbon-Rich g-C3N4 Nanotubes with Highly Dispersed Cobalt as a Catalyst to Degrade Sulfamethoxazole in the Vis-PMS System: Nonradical Oxidation Role

“…The Co-CN-20, Vis, and PMS cooperated system could remove all the SMX in the reaction system in 20 min, and the k obs of Co-CN-20/Vis-PMS was 0.222 min –1 , about twice as high as those of Co-CN-20/Vis (0.111 min –1 ) and Co-CN-20/PMS (0.092 min –1 ) (Figure d), illustrating the synergistic effect of Co-CN-20, visible light, and PMS. When cobalt-based catalysts are used to degrade contaminants in water, metal ions are easily dissolved, resulting in secondary pollution . Therefore, the dissolution amounts of cobalt ions in the reaction system were determined (Figure S3).…”

“…When cobalt-based catalysts are used to degrade contaminants in water, metal ions are easily dissolved, resulting in secondary pollution. 16 Therefore, the dissolution amounts of cobalt ions in the reaction system were determined (Figure S3). The Co leaching amounts of Co-CN-5, Co-CN-10, and Co-CN-20 composites were 0.003, 0.008, and 0.020 mg/L, respectively.…”

“…However, excess Co leaching restricts the use of cobalt-based materials because cobalt is a known carcinogen and may cause secondary metal contamination, which does harm to aquatic life and the human body when its concentration in water is too high. 16 To mitigate the dissolution of Co particles within the catalytic system and enhance the use of catalytic sites, it is imperative to load Co atoms onto a carrier that possesses ample anchoring sites. 17 Combining cobalt with carbon-based materials is an effective method, such as in g-C 3 N 4 .…”