Dispersion and failure analysis of PLA, PLA/GNP and PLA/CNT-COOH biodegradable nanocomposites by SEM and DIC inspection

Pinto, Viviana; Ramos, Tiago; Alves, Ana Sofia Figueiredo; Xavier, José; Tavares, Paulo J.; Moreira, P.M.G.P.; Guedes, Rui Miranda

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.06.009

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Pan et al [28] observed that the addition of 0.25 to 2.0 wt % of CNT in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix significantly improved the tensile and compressive modulus of the PCL-CNT nanocomposites. Other studies showed that CNTs also acted as great mechanical reinforcement agents for the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix, in which small proportions positively influenced tensile strength, modulus and toughness of the PLA-CNT nanocomposites [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHBV/MWCNT Films: Hydrophobicity, Thermal and Mechanical Properties as a Function of MWCNT Concentration

2019

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The introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into polymer matrixes has been an important tool to alter and improve some properties in polymer nanocomposites, including biodegradable polymers such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). In this work, PHBV nanocomposites with 0.05, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00 wt % of MWCNTs were produced by solvent casting. MWCNT morphology and structure were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that MWCNTs have a considerable amount of amorphous carbon (AC) onto their surface and a wide distribution of the tube diameter. MWCNTs act as the nucleating agent in the PHBV matrix, as verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that thermal stability was not significantly affected. The nanofiller dispersion into the PHBV matrix was not effective for concentrations from 1 wt % according to the micrographs obtained in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contact angle was changed with the introduction of MWCNTs, turning the nanocomposites hydrophobic and improving the mechanical tensile properties of the PHBV matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHBV/MWCNT Films: Hydrophobicity, Thermal and Mechanical Properties as a Function of MWCNT Concentration

2019

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“…Scaffaro, Lopresti, and Botta (2018) studied both tensile and flexural properties of biocomposites made of a PLA reinforced with Posidonia oceanica leaves. Pinto et al (2017) and Zhou, Lei, Yang, Li, and Ren (2018) investigated mechanical properties of nanocomposites made of PLA reinforced with carbon nanofillers. These works clarify possibilities of using reinforced polymer as printed material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Application of 3d Printing Technologies: Mechanical Properties of Printed Polymeric Materials / Konstrukcinis 3d Spausdinimo Technologijų Taikymas: Spausdintų Polimerinių Medžiagų Mechaninės Savybės

Shkundalova

Rimkus

Gribniak

2018

Science - Future of Lithuania

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Additive manufacturing and modern printing technologies using polymeric materials extend the limits of industrial production and encourage applying 3D printing technique in many fields. An item of any shape and size limited only by the printing pad of particular equipment can be reproduced from a variety of materials. Polymers is the object of this research. It is known that mechanical properties of the printed elements are closely related with the manufacturing technology and vary significantly depending on the chosen production parameters such as printing temperature, velocity, and infill density. Depending on the purpose, a particular type of polymer can be used in structural analysis. This work considers mechanical properties of four thermoplastic polymeric materials widely used for prototyping: polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PETG). The study is focused on two fundamental mechanical characteristics, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, of the printed material. Dumbbell-shaped samples were made of the PLA, ABS, HIPS and PETG polymers using 3D printing technique with the same filling density (≈ 20%) of the entry level. The tensile tests were carried out in Laboratory of Innovative Building Structures at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The predominant effect of the printing direction on the mechanical properties of the printed materials was demonstrated in this study. The corresponding experimental characteristics are presented in the manuscript. Santrauka Modernūs gamybos procesai ir spausdinimo technologijos, naudojant polimerines medžiagas, plečia pramoninės gamybos ribas bei skatina taikyti 3D spausdinimo technologijas daugelyje sričių. Tokios technologijos leidžia gaminti bet kokios formos elementus iš įvairių medžiagų, o jų dydį lemia tik naudojamos spausdinimo įrangos galimybės. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo objektas – polimerinės medžiagos. Spausdintų elementų iš polimerinių medžiagų mechaninės savybės glaudžiai siejamos su gamybos technologija ir gali stipriai varijuoti keičiant gamybos proceso parametrus – spausdinimo temperatūrą, greitį, užpildo tankį. Polimero tipas kartu su jo mechaninėmis savybėmis parenkamas atsižvelgiant į konstrukcinį uždavinį. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos plačiai prototipų gamyboje taikomų termoplastinių polimerinių medžiagų – polietileno rūgšties (PLA), akrilonitrilo butadieno stireno (ABS), polistireno (HIPS) ir polietileno tereftalato (PETG) – mechaninės savybės. Tyrime dėmesys skiriamas dviem pagrindinėms mechaninėms medžiagų charakteristikoms – tempiamajam stipriui ir tamprumo moduliui. Taikant 3D spausdinimo technologiją buvo pagaminti kaulo formos bandiniai iš PLA, ABS, HIPS ir PETG medžiagų. Bandinių užpildo tankis siekė ≈ 20 % paviršiaus spausdinimo sluoksnio tankio. Elementų tempimo bandymai atlikti Inovatyvių statybinių konstrukcijų laboratorijoje Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitete. Šiame tyrime buvo parodyta spausdinimo krypties įtaka spausdintų medžiagų mechaninėms savybėms. Taip pat pateiktos eksperimentiškai nustatytos polimerinių medžiagų mechaninės savybės.

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“…In a previous study Pinto et al [112] reported that the carbon nanostructures improved the mechanical properties of the PLA composites, approaching the range of natural tendons and ligaments: tensile strength in the range of 5-100 MPa and Young's modulus from 20 MPa to 1200 MPa [113]. The composite with 0.7 wt% CNT-COOH presented enhanced tensile strength relative to PLA (from 59.90 ± 4.93 MPa to 72.22 ± 1.52 MPa), as well as elongation at break (from 1.86 ± 0.06% to 2.25 ± 0.40%) [112]. Besides, the composites with 0.7 wt% CNT-COOH and 2 wt% GNP showed a considerable increase (> 20%) in the Young's modulus relative to PLA, from 3.99 ± 0.42 GPa to 4.86 ± 0.47 GPa and 4.92 ± 0.15 GPa, for PLA-CNT-COOH and PLA-GNP, respectively.…”

Section: Composites Blends and Hybrid Materials Based On Synthetic Pmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Besides, the composites with 0.7 wt% CNT-COOH and 2 wt% GNP showed a considerable increase (> 20%) in the Young's modulus relative to PLA, from 3.99 ± 0.42 GPa to 4.86 ± 0.47 GPa and 4.92 ± 0.15 GPa, for PLA-CNT-COOH and PLA-GNP, respectively. The composite scaffolds were cytocompatible, supporting fibroblasts metabolic activity and proliferation up to 72 h [112]. Liu et al [114] produced a 3D biodegradable PLA screw-like scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite for ACL regeneration.…”

Section: Composites Blends and Hybrid Materials Based On Synthetic Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites for ligament/tendon tissue engineering

et al. 2020

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Ligaments and tendons are fibrous tissues with poor vascularity and limited regeneration capacity. Currently, a ligament/tendon injury often require a surgical procedure using auto-or allografts that present some limitations. These inadequacies combined with the significant economic and health impact have prompted the development of tissue engineering approaches. Several natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers as well as composites, blends and hybrids based on such materials have been used to produce tendon and ligament scaffolds. Given the complex structure of native tissues, the production of fiber-based scaffolds has been the preferred option for tendon/ligament tissue engineering. Electrospinning and several textile methods such as twisting, braiding and knitting have been used to produce these scaffolds. This review focuses on the developments achieved in the preparation of tendon/ ligament scaffolds based on different biodegradable polymers. Several examples are overviewed and their processing methodologies, as well as their biological and mechanical performances, are discussed. Fig. 20 a 3D view of the theoretical designed PLA screw-like scaffold structure. b The prepared PLA screw-like scaffold. c The SEM image of the PLA scaffold surface with well-defined orthogonal structure (Reprinted with permission from [114])

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Dispersion and failure analysis of PLA, PLA/GNP and PLA/CNT-COOH biodegradable nanocomposites by SEM and DIC inspection

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

PHBV/MWCNT Films: Hydrophobicity, Thermal and Mechanical Properties as a Function of MWCNT Concentration

PHBV/MWCNT Films: Hydrophobicity, Thermal and Mechanical Properties as a Function of MWCNT Concentration

Structural Application of 3d Printing Technologies: Mechanical Properties of Printed Polymeric Materials / Konstrukcinis 3d Spausdinimo Technologijų Taikymas: Spausdintų Polimerinių Medžiagų Mechaninės Savybės

Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites for ligament/tendon tissue engineering

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