The combination of the unique optical properties of chalcogenide glasses, in terms of infrared transmission and optical non-linearity, with the original guiding properties of microstructured optical fibers leads to a new category of fibers with promising applications in mid-infrared optics. The recent developments on chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers are exposed and discussed with regards to mid-IR guiding, infrared light transport and delivery, generation of new infrared sources, and infrared spectroscopy.