Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Liquids

Hilding, Jenny; Grulke, Eric A.; Zhang, Z. George; Lockwood, Fran

doi:10.1081/dis-120017941

Cited by 571 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…This relationship indicated that CNTs with a larger outer diameter had weaker attractive vdW forces, and were thus dispersed more easily [14]. Moreover, the data for the supplied sonication energy above the exponential decay curve (Figure 7(c)) implied that excessive sonication energy was supplied to the CNT dispersion.…”

Section: Influence Of Surface Functional Groups Length and Outer DImentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The length is also thought to be one of crucial factors in the dispersion of CNTs, because longer tubes are more flexible, and are therefore more prone to entangle [14]. The longer P-SWCNTs (Table 2) showed larger A HD values than the S-SWCNTs (which were produced using the mechanical cutting of P-SWCNTs), especially at relatively low sonication energies (Figure 5(a)).…”

Section: Influence Of Surface Functional Groups Length and Outer DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sonication time was therefore suggested as a parameter to identify the degree of CNT dispersion [7,11]. However, other researchers [11][12][13][14] observed that the dispersion degree of a given CNT suspension depended on the sonication energy, rather than the sonication time. The sonication energy (E, J/mL), which is defined using the following equation, was therefore used to identify the degree of CNT dispersion [13]:…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sonication-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant SDBS: The role of sonication energy

Yang

Jing

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Sonication is a powerful technique to promote the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and enhance their solubility; this is necessary for CNT applications, especially in the biochemical and biomedical fields. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of sonication energy on the dispersion of CNTs in the presence of a widely used anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). It was observed that the concentration of dispersed CNTs in the SDBS solution depended on the sonication energy, but not the sonication time or output power of the sonicator alone. The amount of dispersed CNTs was positively correlated with the concentrations of SDBS and CNTs, and the length of the CNTs. The promotion of oxygen-containing functional groups on the dispersed CNTs was observed at relatively low sonication energies. The optimal energy, i.e. the minimum energy supplied by sonication to achieve a saturated suspension of dispersed CNTs in the SDBS solution, was CNT diameter-dependent, because of the larger vdW forces between tubes of smaller diameter. An exponential decay curve was constructed for the optimal energy values as a function of the outer CNT diameter, to assist in determining the energy needed to disperse CNTs. carbon nanotubes, sonication energy, dispersion, surfactant Citation:Yang K, Yi Z L, Jing Q F, et al. Sonication-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant SDBS: The role of sonication energy.

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Section: Influence Of Surface Functional Groups Length and Outer DImentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Influence Of Surface Functional Groups Length and Outer DImentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonication-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant SDBS: The role of sonication energy

Yang

Jing

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…46 Stable dispersions are the result of electrostatic or steric repulsion provided by the coating molecules as well as favorable van der Waals, hydrophobic, and π-stacking interactions at the SWCNT interface dominating over the strong van der Waals attractive forces between the carbon nanotubes. 30,47 Figure 1. Overview of approaches for noncovalent protein (blue) conjugation to a SWCNT (black): (a) nonspecific physical adsorption of a protein to a SWCNT, (b) hybrid conjugation through covalent attachment to noncovalent wrappings (magenta), and (c) protein binding to heterobifunctional linker molecules (magenta) adsorbed onto SWCNTs.…”

Section: Nonspecific Protein and Peptide Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncovalent Protein and Peptide Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Biodelivery and Optical Sensing Applications

Antonucci

Kupis-Rozmysłowicz

Boghossian

2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

178

161

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ABSTRACT:The exquisite structural and optical characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), combined with the tunable specificities of proteins and peptides, can be exploited to strongly benefit technologies with applications in fields ranging from biomedicine to industrial biocatalysis. The key to exploiting the synergism of these materials is designing protein/peptide-SWCNT conjugation schemes that preserve biomolecule activity while keeping the near-infrared optical and electronic properties of SWCNTs intact. Since sp 2 bondbreaking disrupts the optoelectronic properties of SWCNTs, noncovalent conjugation strategies are needed to interface biomolecules to the nanotube surface for optical biosensing and delivery applications. An underlying understanding of the forces contributing to protein and peptide interaction with the nanotube is thus necessary to identify the appropriate conjugation design rules for specific applications. This article explores the molecular interactions that govern the adsorption of peptides and proteins on SWCNT surfaces, elucidating contributions from individual amino acids as well as secondary and tertiary protein structure and conformation. Various noncovalent conjugation strategies for immobilizing peptides, homopolypeptides, and soluble and membrane proteins on SWCNT surfaces are presented, highlighting studies focused on developing near-infrared optical sensors and molecular scaffolds for self-assembly and biochemical analysis. The analysis presented herein suggests that though direct adsorption of proteins and peptides onto SWCNTs can be principally applied to drug and gene delivery, in vivo imaging and targeting, or cancer therapy, nondirect conjugation strategies using artificial or natural membranes, polymers, or linker molecules are often better suited for biosensing applications that require conservation of biomolecular functionality or precise control of the biomolecule's orientation. These design rules are intended to provide the reader with a rational approach to engineering biomolecule-SWCNT platforms, broadening the breadth and accessibility of both wild-type and engineered biomolecules for SWCNT-based applications.

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“…SDS is a surfactant that stabilizes the nanotubes in water. The dispersions are homogenized by a sonication treatment during 90 min using a Branson S-450D tip sonicator operating at 40 W. Sonication induces the scission of the nanotubes (32)(33)(34)(35) and the average length of the nanotubes after the present treatments is about 500 nm. The quality of the dispersion is assessed before fiber spinning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of fiber solidification

Mercader

Lucas

Derré

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many synthetic or natural fibers are produced via the transformation of a liquid solution into a solid filament, which allows the wet processing of high molecular weight polymers, proteins, or inorganic particles. Synthetic wet-spun fibers are used in our everyday life from clothing to composite reinforcement applications. Spun fibers are also common in nature. Silk solidification results from the coagulation of protein solutions. The chemical phenomena involved in the formation of all these classes of fibers can be quite different but they all share the same fundamental transformation from a liquid to a solid state. The solidification process is critical because it governs the production rate and the strength that fibers can sustain to be drawn and wound. An approach is proposed in this work to investigate the kinetics of fiber solidification. This approach consists in circulating solidifying fibers in the extensional flow of a surrounding liquid. Such as polymers in extensional flows, the fibers break if resultant drag forces exceed the fiber tensile strength. The solidification kinetics of nanotube composite fibers serves as a validation example of this approach. The method could be extended to other systems and advance thereby the science and technology of fiber and textile materials. It is also a way to directly visualize the scission of chain-like systems in extensional flows.diffusion | elongational | microfluidic | rheology

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Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Liquids

Cited by 571 publications

References 209 publications

Sonication-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant SDBS: The role of sonication energy

Sonication-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant SDBS: The role of sonication energy

Noncovalent Protein and Peptide Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Biodelivery and Optical Sensing Applications

Kinetics of fiber solidification

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