Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in methanol/water media

Lee, Ki Chang; Lee, Seung Eun; Song, Bong Keun

doi:10.1007/bf03218263

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Additionally, the rate of monomer diffusion becomes higher and the polymerization goes further at higher intensity so that the larger volume shrinkage on the localized area may occur consequentially. 20 Therefore, we could observe a small extent of decrement of the diffraction efficiency. It is believed that there is optimal exposure intensity for the PP, which will be reported elsewhere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction gratings of photopolymers composed of polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylacetate binder

et al. 2003

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Holographic gratings in two kinds of photopolymers (PPs) were fabricated by optical interference method. Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and polyvinylacetate (PVAc) were employed as polymer binders and photopolymerization of acrylamide (AA) was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic behavior of the diffraction efficiency was monitored and its temporal stability at room temperature was also observed. Additionally, the temperature dependence of these gratings was investigated in two PPs. The surface topographical change of the photopolymer layer was observed by atomic force microscope (AFM).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction gratings of photopolymers composed of polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylacetate binder

et al. 2003

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“…The time-temperature history of both the onset of phase separation and reaction advancement is important in knowing and controlling the morphology. In some works, 18,19 dynamic mechanical measurements were used as an another way to describe the onset of phase separation in the thermoplastic/thermoset blends. A rheological detection of the onset of phase separation in the epoxy/ polyamide copolymer blend is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the onset of phase separation charge polarization is also observed at approximately the same time as in the mechanical properties, typically in viscosity. 18,19 From the macroscopic measurement the morphology change from a homogeneous system to a heterogeneous two-phase material is to be seen as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic mechanical measurements have been made using a Rheometrics RDA II to investigate the mechanical relaxation behavior of the epoxy/thermoplastic blends. 18,19 As the thermoset precursor reacts the thermoset/ thermoplastic blend separates into two phases since an average molecular weight is increased and reached where a homogeneous mixture no longer favored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ detection of the onset of phase separation and gelation in epoxy/anhydride/thermoplastic blends

Choe

Kim

2003

Macromol. Res.

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The isothermal cure reactions of blends of epoxy (DGEBA, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/anhydride resin with polyamide copolymer (poly(dimmer acid-co-alkyl polyamine)) or PEI were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Rheological measurements have been made to investigate the viscosity and mechanical relaxation behavior of the blends. The reaction rate and the final cure conversion were decreased with increasing the amount of thermoplastics in the blends. Lower values of final cure conversions in the epoxy/thermoplastic blends indicate that thermoplastics hinder the cure reaction between the epoxy and the curing agent. Complete miscibility was observed in the uncured blends of epoxy/thermoplastics up to 120 o C but phase separations occurred in the early stages of the curing process at higher temperatures than 120 o C. According to the rheological measurement results, a rise of G' and G'' at the onset of phase separation is seen. A rise of G' and G'' is not observed for neat epoxy system since no phase separation is seen during cure reaction. At the onset of phase separation the rheological behavior was influenced by the amount of thermoplastics in the epoxy/thermoplastic blends, and the onset of phase separation can be detected by rheological measurements.

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“…The time-temperature history of both the onset of phase separation and reaction advance- ment is important in knowing and controlling the morphology. In some works, 18,19 dynamic mechanical measurements were used to describe the onset of phase separation in the thermoplastic/thermoset blends. A rheological detection of the onset of phase separation in the epoxy/(polyamide copolymer) blend is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Miscibility Of Epoxy/(polyamide Copolymer) Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure reactions of epoxy/anhydride/(polyamide copolymer) blends

Choe

2002

Macromol. Res.

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The cure kinetics of blends of epoxy (DGEBA, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/anhydride resin with polyamide copolymer, poly(dimmer acid-co-alkyl polyamine), were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal condition. On increasing the amount of polyamide copolymer in the blends, the reaction rate was increased and the final cure conversion was decreased. Lower values of final cure conversions in the epoxy/ (polyamide copolymer) blends indicate that polyamide hinders the cure reaction between the epoxy and the curing agent. The value of the reaction order, m, for the initial autocatalytic reaction was not affected by blending polyamide copolymer with epoxy resin, and the value was approximately 1.3, whereas the reaction order, n, for the general nth order of reaction was increased by increasing the amount of polyamide copolymer in the blends, and the value increased from 1.6 to 4.0. A diffusion-controlled reaction was observed as the cure conversion increased and the rate equation was successfully analyzed by incorporating the diffusion control term for the epoxy/anhydride/(polyamide copolymer) blends. Complete miscibility was observed in the uncured blends of epoxy/(polyamide copolymer) up to 120 o C, but phase separations occurred in the early stages of the curing process at higher temperatures than 120 o C. During the curing process, the cure reaction involving the functional group in polyamide copolymer was detected on a DSC thermogram.

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Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in methanol/water media

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Diffraction gratings of photopolymers composed of polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylacetate binder

Diffraction gratings of photopolymers composed of polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylacetate binder

In situ detection of the onset of phase separation and gelation in epoxy/anhydride/thermoplastic blends

Cure reactions of epoxy/anhydride/(polyamide copolymer) blends

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