“…Since a single mode TEN is employed, the accuracy of this technique is reduced for sub-wavelength profile antennas. Although it is possible to produce multiport TEN [23] and other formulations of the eigenvalue problem to obtain the complex dispersion of bound and leaky modes of 2D periodic structures using full-wave techniques, such as MoM [22], the associated eigenvalue equations, zeros of the impedance matrix equation, typically take non-canonical form [24], [25], which is cumbersome to solve numerically in the complex plane. Techniques based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method have also been developed in order to extract the dispersion of the complex wavenumber for this type of antennas [26], [27].…”