Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection

Berijani, Sana; Assadi, Yaghoub; Anbia, Mansoor; Hosseini, Mohammad-Reza Milani; Aghaee, Elham

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.010

Cited by 733 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The detection results showed the six PBDEs were all at below detectable level (o2.4 mg/kg). The spiking recoveries of the target PBDEs in the real samples fortified at the different concentrations (5,20, and 100 mg/kg of each PBDE congener) are summarized in Table 4. Acceptable recoveries (75.3-127.8%) and repeatability (5.5-10.8%) were obtained.…”

Section: Analytical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is attracting more and more people's attention due to its superior advantages of high enrichment factor, high recovery, low cost, rapidity and easy operation. Up to now, this method has been widely applied in analyzing the organophosphorus pesticides [20], chlorophenols [21], and polychlorinated biphenyls [22]. In addition, its application has been extended to trace elemental analysis in environmental water samples [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic animal tissue using cleanup by freezing‐dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC‐MS

Liu

Huang

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

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A method for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in aquatic animal tissue was developed, and it is based on cleanup by freezing-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the pretreatment of samples with fat content. Aquatic animal tissue homogenate was extracted with acetone, and then frozen in a freezer at À801C. Fat in aquatic animal tissue was isolated from the analytes, i.e. PBDE congeners dissolved in acetone and fat formed floccules at low temperature. The supernatant was extracted using the DLLME technique. Under the optimum DLLME conditions, 0.75 mL supernatant with 33 mL chlorobenzene was added into 5.0 mL pure water, and subsequently cloudy solution was formed. After centrifuging, 1.0 mL lower phase was subjected to GC-MS analysis. Recovery test was performed at fortified concentrations of 5.0-2500 mg/kg. The detection results showed that the recoveries for each target analyte ranged from 75.3 to 127.8%. The repeatability of the proposed method by spiking aquatic animal samples at 10 mg/kg for PBDEs, expressed as RSD, n 5 5, varied between 4.3 and 10.3% (n 5 5). LOD of the proposed method for aquatic animal tissue samples were between 2.4 and 4.9 mg/kg for all the analytes.

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Section: Analytical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic animal tissue using cleanup by freezing‐dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC‐MS

Liu

Huang

et al. 2009

J of Separation Science

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“…7,8 It is based on the formation of tiny droplets of the extraction in the sample solution using a water-immiscible organic solvent dissolved in a water-miscible organic dispersive solvent. The appropriate volume of disperser solvent containing extractant solvent is injected into the water sample rapidly, and instant mixing of these three components forms a cloudy solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Microelectron Capture Detection (GC-µECD) for the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2011

ANAL. SCI.

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The extraction efficiency of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method coupled with gas chromatography-microelectron capture detection (GC-μECD) for the simultaneous determination of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water samples was evaluated. The optimum conditions of DLLME for OCP measurement in water sample were determined with 10 μL of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 1.5 mL of acetone as the extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively, all measurements were conducted under room temperature without the addition of salt. OCPs were extracted with good recoveries (60.35 -107.89%) by the proposed method, except for heptachlor and aldrin due to the specific physico-chemical properties of these chemicals. Quantitative analysis showed that the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 9% and rather wider linear ranges (LRs) of 0.1 -50 μg/L were obtained. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.21 -11.65 ng/L and no significant matrix effects were observed. Obtained results demonstrated that DLLME coupled with GC-μECD was rapid, convenient and efficient for OCP analysis in water samples.

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“…Recently, Assadi and co-workers have developed a novel microextraction technique as a high-performance and powerful preconcentration, which they have named as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [18][19][20][21][22]. This method needs microliter volumes of extraction solvents and little amounts of a dispersive solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of Co(II) and Fe(III) as their oxinate chelates and analysis by HPLC: Application for the simultaneous determination of Co(II) and Fe(III) in water samples

Farajzadeh

Bahram

Vardast

2009

J of Separation Science

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In this study, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was used for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of Co(II) and Fe(III) in water samples as their oxinate chelates. In dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction process, methanol and chloroform were used as disperser and extracting solvents, respectively, and the ligand 8-hydroxy quinoline was used as a chelating agent for the extraction of Co(II) and Fe(III). HPLC was applied for the quantitation of the analytes after preconcentration. An experimental design, central composite design, coupled with response surface methodology was used for the optimization of the involved experimental parameters. In addition, the effect of various experimental parameters in the extraction was investigated using one variable at a time method. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 20-4000 mg/L with the LODs of 3 mg/L for both analytes. The RSDs for six replicate measurements of 500 mg/L of Co 21 and Fe 31 were 3.3 and 4.1%, respectively.

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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection

Cited by 733 publications

References 25 publications

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic animal tissue using cleanup by freezing‐dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC‐MS

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic animal tissue using cleanup by freezing‐dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC‐MS

Evaluation of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Microelectron Capture Detection (GC-µECD) for the Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples

Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of Co(II) and Fe(III) as their oxinate chelates and analysis by HPLC: Application for the simultaneous determination of Co(II) and Fe(III) in water samples

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