Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction Followed by HPLC‐DAD as an Efficient and Sensitive Technique for the Determination of Patulin from Apple Juice and Concentrate Samples

Farhadi, Khalil; Maleki, Ramin

doi:10.1002/jccs.201190035

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In another study conducted by Jalali et al on 150 apple juice samples collected from the Southwest reign of Iran, the level of contamination ranged within 50-106.01 µg/L in 13.3% of the samples with the mean of 26.92 µg/L [ 24 ]. Farhadi and Maleki reported the patulin concentration range of 8-40 µg/L in apple juice and apple juice concentrate samples [ 25 ]. Moreover, Forouzan and Madadlou (2014) investigated 72 apple juice samples produced in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, and reported that all of the samples were contaminated with patulin at concentrations ranging 29.58-151.2 µg/L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patulin contamination in apple products marketed in Shiraz, Southern Iran

et al. 2017

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Background and Purpose:Patulin is one of the important mycotoxins, produced by a wide range of molds, including Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Bysochlamys. Patulin is mainly found in the rotten parts of fruits and vegetables, such as apples, pears, peach, apricots, and grapes. Currently, the Codex Alimentarius and Food and Drug Administration have recommended a maximum level of 50 µg/L patulin for apple products. The purpose of this study was to investigate patulin contamination of apple juice and cans in 75 samples collected from 15 manufacturers in Shiraz, southern Iran.Materials and Methods:The detection of patulin was accomplished using a high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector.Results:A total of 38 apple juice samples (53%) and 17 apple cans (45%) were contaminated with patulin. Overall 50% and 3% of the apple juice and apple cans samples had a patulin level of > 3 µg/L.Conclusion:Although the maximum level of patulin in our samples was considerably lower than the permitted level established by the European Union (i.e., 50 µg/L), the high incidence of this mycotoxin in our samples should be lessen by improving their good manufacturing practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patulin contamination in apple products marketed in Shiraz, Southern Iran

et al. 2017

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“…This method was applied successfully for the analysis of fruit juice and dried fruit samples without chromatographic interference with the patulin peak. Farhadi and Maleki (2011) developed a simple and sensitive method based on dispersive liquidliquid micro-extraction in conjunction with HPLC-DAD for the quantitative analysis of patulin in apple juice and concentrate samples. The recovery values were in the range of 94-97% and the detection limit was 4.0 µg/l.…”

Section: Patulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2010-2011

Shephard

Berthiller

Burdaspal³

et al. 2012

WMJ

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This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2010 and mid-2011. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Analytical methods for mycotoxins continue to be developed and published. Despite much interest in immunochemical methods and in the rapid development of LC-MS methodology, more conventional methods, sometimes linked to novel clean-up protocols, have also been the subject of research publications over the above period. Occurrence of mycotoxins falls outside the main focus of this review; however, where relevant to analytical method development, this has been mentioned.

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“…Due to the molecule maximal absorbance at 276 nm, this wavelength is used for patulin identification and quantification purpose (Li et al 2007b;Spadaro et al 2008;Barreira et al 2010;Bonerba et al 2010b;Sargenti and Almeida 2010;Cho et al 2010;Khorrami and Taherkhani 2011;Catana et al 2011;Farhadi and Maleki 2011;Zaied et al 2013;Marsol-Vall et al 2014;Forouzan and Madadlou 2014;Zouaoui et al 2015;Karakose et al 2015;De Clercq et al 2016;Ji et al 2017;Sadok et al 2018;Iqbal et al 2018). Unfortunately, detection based on this wavelength suffers from low selectivity due to obstructing phenolic compounds, especially 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) (structure shown in Fig.…”

Section: Hplc Methods With Uv Absorbance Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3b. The method has been used for patulin quantification in apple juices and concentrates (Farhadi and Maleki 2011). In this work, acetonitrile as a dispersive solvent (1 mL) and chloroform (0.5 mL) as an extraction solvent were applied.…”

Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

2018

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Patulin is a mycotoxin that exhibits a number of toxic effects in animals. The main sources of patulin intake in human diet that was shown for EU consumers are apple juice and nectar and for this reason, apple-based food is most often monitored for this mycotoxin. However, the presence of patulin in other fruits, including stone fruits, and soft fruits has been reported as well. Most of them are seasonal, suitable for consumption for short time, and are usually processed in order to be commercially available throughout the year. Patulin can also be generated during food storage and remains stable over food processing procedures. Therefore, constant monitoring of different fruit-based products ought to be carried out to provide proper estimation of human exposure to this toxin. The preferred approach used for mycotoxin determination in a variety of foods is liquid chromatography (LC) allowing quantitative analysis of patulin content. This paper presents recently proposed LC methods with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection for patulin quantification in fruits and derived products. We focus on developments in sample preparation and the applied analytical conditions.

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Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction Followed by HPLC‐DAD as an Efficient and Sensitive Technique for the Determination of Patulin from Apple Juice and Concentrate Samples

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Patulin contamination in apple products marketed in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Patulin contamination in apple products marketed in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2010-2011

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

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