Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for chemical speciation and determination of ultra-trace concentrations of metal ions

Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis

“…DLLME offers rapid, low cost, short time, reliable, simple operation, high pre-concentration and recovery factors and environment friendliness. LODs in DLLME are much better and feasible compared to other liquid-phase microextraction techniques [7,8]. Table 4 compares Page 6 of 19 the advantages and the drawbacks of different microextraction techniques, such as SDME, HFME and DLLME.…”

“…Among the most inspected analytes employing DLLME are pesticides. A number of reviews on DLLME have been published [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Few of these reviews were focused on analysis of pesticides in complex matrices by DLLME [6,15,16,18].…”

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for metals enrichment: A useful strategy for improving sensitivity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in liquid samples analysis

“…pH measurements were carried out using a pH meter (model micropH 2000, Crison Instruments S. A., Barcelona, Spain). Additionally, sodium chloride was added to this mixture up to a concentration of 5% w w À 1 in order to evaluate the influence of the medium ionic strength on extraction (i.e., salting out phenomenon [23,25]. See Sections 2.5 and 3.1 below).…”

“…Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) is a microextraction methodology based on the dispersion of few microliters of an organic extractant solvent in the aqueous sample, which can be accomplished by several ways, such as the use of a disperser solvent or vortex agitation. After extraction, phase separation is achieved by centrifugation and analytes in the organic phase can be determined by the detection technique [23][24][25]. Since many fine droplets of organic solvent are dispersed throughout the aqueous solution, the very large interfacial area makes DLLME process to be very efficient and quick, being considered easier to handle and faster than SDME.…”

Preconcentration of nickel in waters by vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

“…The determination of chemical species at low concentrations is a constant challenge in analytical chemistry [1]. Despite major progress in developing highly selective and sensitive analytical instrumentation, few analytical techniques allow the direct measurement of a substance in a sample without prior treatment [2].…”