Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of phenolic compounds from vegetable oils using a magnetic ionic liquid

Zhu, Shuqiang; Wang, Lijun; Su, Along; Zhang, Haixia

doi:10.1002/jssc.201700274

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Nowadays, ionic liquids (IL) are very used as extractant phase to determine trace concentrations of different chemical compounds using liquid–liquid microextraction (LLME) techniques because of their suitable characteristics, such as vapor pressure, solubility, and thermal stability. However, the usual microextraction techniques often require the use of organic solvents acting as dispersing agents, or ultrasound to achieve the total extraction of the compound, also requiring long times and high temperatures for a full extraction [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Vicente-Martínez¹,

Caravaca²,

Soto-Meca³

2020

Pharmaceuticals

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound used in the manufacturing of plastics and resins whose presence in the body in low concentrations can cause serious health problems. Due to this, there is a growing interest in the scientific community to develop analytical methods that allow quantifying trace concentrations of BPA in different types of samples. The determination of this compound in toys made of plastics that can be manipulated by children leads to an extra concern, because it is possible for BPA to enter the body by introducing these toys into the mouth. This work presents a novel procedure to the quickly and easily quantification of trace levels of BPA in samples of toys and pacifiers according to the current demanding regulations. The determination of very low levels of BPA was carried out by ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The formation in situ of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethane)sulfonyl)imide ([C8MIm] [NTf2]), was achieved by mixing 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8MIm]Cl) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]Li) aqueous solutions, reaching an instant dispersion whose cloud of microdrops allows the total extraction of BPA in the IL from aqueous solutions. After centrifugation, BPA concentration in the sedimented phase was determined by HPLC. The optimal experimental conditions for the microextraction and determination of BPA in the IL were studied. The total extraction was achieved at pH 4, heating the sample at 30 °C for 5 min, using 100 µL of IL precursor volume, and spinning after the formation of dispersion at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The enrichment factor (EF) and detection limit (LOD) reached with the procedure were 299 and 0.19 µg L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation for ten replications at the 0.5 µg L−1 level was 5.2%. Recovery studies showed a mean value for BPA recovery percentage in the samples of 99%. Additionally, a hybrid model was applied to characterize the extraction kinetics. This simple, low cost and fast method simplifies traditional microextraction techniques, representing an outstanding alternative.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, the determination of BPA has been carried out by many authors from different matrices, such as plastics by means of gas chromatography [ 11 , 12 ], vegetable oils using a magnetic ionic liquid [ 6 ], and a variety of foods and drinks by different analytical techniques [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Vicente-Martínez¹,

Caravaca²,

Soto-Meca³

2020

Pharmaceuticals

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“…However, liquid-liquid microextraction techniques are environmentally friendly. Particularly, ionic liquids (ILs) are commonly used nowadays as organic phase because of its low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and high capacity to solubilize different organic compounds [21][22][23][24][25]. Some authors have used IL to extract BPA from aqueous samples, but the rapid dispersion provided by the in situ IL formation does not occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid by Metathesis Reaction for the Rapid Removal of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solutions

Vicente-Martínez¹,

Caravaca²,

Soto-Meca³

et al. 2019

Water

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In this work we present a rapid and easy method to remove the totality of bisphenol A from aqueous solutions using ionic liquid (IL). Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction is employed. The IL 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethane)sulfonyl)imide ([C8C1im] [NTf2]) is formed in situ because of the mixture of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8C1im]Cl) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li[NTf2]) aqueous solutions. A cloud of microdroplets of IL formed by the dispersion generated through the precursors metathesis reaction allows the rapid and total extraction of bisphenol A (BPA). After centrifugation, the formed IL phase is deposited at the bottom of the flask and the total amount of BPA is extracted in the sedimented phase. The volume of IL is very low, in the order of microliters, which enables us to remove all the BPA from the solution. The technique studied is highly efficient, cost-effective, and presents less environmental impact than other extraction techniques, thus becoming an outstanding alternative to the most commonly used methods. BPA concentration is determined by high performance liquid chromatography by injecting the IL phase directly. An extraction kinetic model for the kinetic profile has been tested for this method, which allows to infer the ideal experimental conditions to execute the extraction method.

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“…SPE is a very popular technique currently available for rapid and selective sample preparation in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in biological matrices. SPE has many advantages in comparison with more traditional sample preparation techniques, such as LLE, in terms of high recoveries of the analyte, concentration of analyte, highly purified extracts, ability to simultaneously extract analytes of wide polarity range, ease of automation, compatibility with instrumental analysis, and reduction in organic solvent .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic micro‐solid‐phase extraction based on magnetite‐MCM‐41 with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of antidepressant drugs in biological fluids

Sijam

Sanagi

Yahaya

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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A new facile magnetic micro-solid-phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection was developed for the extraction and determination of selected antidepressant drugs in biological fluids using magnetite-MCM-41 as adsorbent. The synthesized sorbent was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. The maximum extraction efficiency for extraction of 500 μg/L antidepressant drugs from aqueous solution was obtained with 15 mg of magnetite-MCM-41 at pH 12. The analyte was desorbed using 100 μL of acetonitrile prior to gas chromatography determination. This method was rapid in which the adsorption procedure was completed in 60 s. Under the optimized conditions using 15 mL of antidepressant drugs sample, the calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0.05-500 μg/L (r = 0.996-0.999). Good limits of detection (0.008-0.010 μg/L) were obtained for the analytes with good relative standard deviations of <8.0% (n = 5) for the determination of 0.1, 5.0, and 500.0 μg/L of antidepressant drugs. This method was successfully applied to the determination of amitriptyline and chlorpromazine in plasma and urine samples. The recoveries of spiked plasma and urine samples were in the range of 86.1-115.4%. Results indicate that magnetite micro-solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry is a convenient, fast, and economical method for the extraction and determination of amitriptyline and chlorpromazine in biological samples.

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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of phenolic compounds from vegetable oils using a magnetic ionic liquid

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Determination of Very Low Concentration of Bisphenol A in Toys and Baby Pacifiers Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction by In Situ Ionic Liquid Formation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

In Situ Formation of Ionic Liquid by Metathesis Reaction for the Rapid Removal of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solutions

Magnetic micro‐solid‐phase extraction based on magnetite‐MCM‐41 with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of antidepressant drugs in biological fluids

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