Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using cotton based carbon fiber sorbent for the determination of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusion by gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry

Fabric phase sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as an innovative analytical technique for the determination of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in herbal infusions and tea samples

“…Thus, the development of accurate and sensitive methodologies that are simple to use, cost effective and robust in order to assess exposure to PAHs due to tea consumption is of utmost importance. 5 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are widely used for the determination of PAHs. Among the available detection systems, GC coupled to ame ionization detectors (FID), mass spectrometry (MS) detectors or tandem MS detectors, as well as HPLC coupled to uorescence detectors (FLD) and ultraviolet detectors (UV) are the most common instrumental set-ups used for this purpose.…”

“…Thus, the development of accurate and sensitive methodologies that are simple to use, cost effective and robust in order to assess exposure to PAHs due to tea consumption is of utmost importance. 5 …”

“…These sample preparation techniques have some significant limitations including significant consumption of hazardous solvents and long extraction time. 5 To overcome these disadvantages, a plethora of novel sample preparation techniques and novel sorbents have been developed. Examples of novel sorbents include molecularly imprinted polymers, 6 functionalized graphene oxide, 7 metal–organic frameworks 8 and covalent organic frameworks.…”

“…Examples of novel sorbents include molecularly imprinted polymers, 6 functionalized graphene oxide, 7 metal–organic frameworks 8 and covalent organic frameworks. 9 Examples of novel miniaturized and microextraction techniques for the determination of PAHs in herbal infusions and tea samples are solid-phase microextraction, 10 micro-solid phase extraction (μSPE), 5 dispersive liquid–liquid extraction, 11 and stir bar sorptive extraction. 12 …”

Performance comparison between solid phase extraction and magnetic carbon nanotubes facilitated dispersive-micro solid phase extractions (Mag-CNTs/d-µSPE) of a cyanide metabolite in biological samples using GC–MS

“…As for LLE, the process is usually time-consuming, labor-intensive, and consumes a more considerable amount of organic solvents. In the past decade, microextraction has increasingly been applied to different disciplines, aiming to overcome some of the disadvantages of conventional methods (Shi et al 2019;Cruz Fernandes et al 2020;Khezeli and Daneshfar 2017;Saito et al 2014;Sun et al 2020). The miniaturization of the extraction method dramatically reduces the use of organic solvents, making it a green approach in sample preparation.…”