Dispersive optical phased array circuit for high-resolution pixelated 2D far-field scanning controlled by a single wavelength variable

Bogaerts, Wim; Dahlem, M.; Dwivedi, Sarvagya; Jansen, Roelof; Rottenberg, Xavier

doi:10.1117/12.2544937

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…What do we mean by subdividing the distribution network? The principle was first introduced in the the work of Bogaerts et al 11 Let's take an example of an antenna array of W elements. Instead of a distribution network where the first delay line is of length ∆L and the last delay line is of length W.∆L, we will subdivide the distribution network into M identical blocks.…”

Section: Opa Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

Kandil,

Dahlem,

Bogaerts

2024

Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits 2024

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A solid-state FMCW LiDAR system on a photonic chip can be subdivided into its scanning engine and ranging engine. The scanning engine consists of the laser source and beam steering optics, while the ranging engine consists of a modulated transmitted signal and a coherent receiver. Here, we present the practical considerations of using the wavelength of a swept laser source for both FMCW ranging and beam steering through a dispersive optical phased array (DOPA). Controlling both functions with a single variable (the laser wavelength) is very attractive from a system perspective. The DOPA maps the wavelength injected in its input port to a unique spot in the far-field. Thanks to reciprocity, this mapping also works in reverse and so the reflected beam is sent back to the same input port. Consequently, the DOPA not only provides a simple mechanism for the steering and receiving optics, but also a strong rejection of unwanted signals, since the DOPA acts both as a spatial and a spectral filter. Steering based on sweeping the wavelength can be combined with the frequency ramping for FMCW ranging. The sweep rate and tuning range of the laser determines the far-field coverage, as well as the depth resolution and precision of the ranging engine. The design freedom of the system can be extended by feeding multiple lasers in parallel into the DOPA, without the need for extra wavelength filters. The use of multiple lasers simultaneously (each illuminating different far-field locations), combined with the discretized DOPA architecture, represents a promising approach to system scalability. We analyze the trade-offs and constraints arising in our system, due to the coupling of the parameters of the scanning engine and the ranging engine. In addition, we model the imperfections along the path of the optical signal, starting from its generation by the tunable laser up to its detection on the coherent receiver. The model is then used to analyze the impact of the system parameters on the LiDAR performance metrics.

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Section: Opa Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

Kandil,

Dahlem,

Bogaerts

2024

Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits 2024

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“…2b-c), where some light is tapped off after each antenna while the waveguide continues to the next grating coupler. The taps can be implemented as (tunable) directional couplers, or the grating coupler can be embedded inside the waveguide and immediately radiate the light off-chip [22], [23], [19]. The snake-like concepts scales much better, as the total waveguide area scales linearly with N x .…”

Section: Implementation Of the Delay Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCANNER To overcome this scaling problem, and still make it possible to implement a 2-D beam scanner controlled by the input wavelength, we separate the requirement of the range and the resolution of the farfield sampling. We do this by splitting the complete OPA in smaller blocks, each of which is a dispersive OPA with a smaller number of antennas [19]. The idea splitting up a (non-dispersive) OPA into smaller blocks is not new: in the case of an actively controlled phased array (operating at a single wavelength), using a cascade of smaller blocks can dramatically lower the number of control elements needed to drive all the antennas [10].…”

Section: Pixelated 2d Dispersive Optical Phased Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 2D Pixelated Optical Beam Scanner Controlled by the Laser Wavelength

Bogaerts

Dwivedi

Jansen

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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We present a chip-based optical beam scanner based on a dispersive optical phased array (OPA) that illuminates the far field with a pixelated pattern. To scale up the OPA to a large number of antennas, we break it up into manageable blocks with acceptable losses. The 2D wavelength scanning within a block is handled by dispersive delay lines. Between blocks, there are no delay lines, and the OPA will only have constructive interference for a discrete set of wavelengths. This results in the far-field illumination of a pixelated pattern along both x and y directions. The sidelobes and the power in the main lobe can be controlled by the power distribution of the individual OPA antennas.

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“…Light detection and ranging technology (LiDAR) has been widely utilized in robot, unmanned vehicle, AR/VR and other fields for the merits of its high resolution and high precision [1] . However, Conventional LiDAR systems based on MEMS do not have high reliability due to their weak cantilever structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional beam steering based on hitless wavelength-selective switch array

Yu,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2023

AOPC 2023: AI in Optics and Photonics

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Dispersive optical phased array circuit for high-resolution pixelated 2D far-field scanning controlled by a single wavelength variable

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

A 2D Pixelated Optical Beam Scanner Controlled by the Laser Wavelength

Two-dimensional beam steering based on hitless wavelength-selective switch array

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