Displacement-length scaling relations for faults on the terrestrial planets

Schultz, R. A.; Okubo, C. H.; Wilkins, Scott J.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.03.034

Cited by 105 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Quantifying the relationship between maximum displacement and length (D max /L) for faults and joints supports studies of deformation on planetary surfaces by providing insight into fracture interaction, population strain, and stratigraphic restriction (e.g., Schultz et al, 2006Schultz et al, , 2008bSchultz et al, , 2010. Measurements of the displacements and lengths of fractures on planetary surfaces with sufficient accuracy for detailed D max /L scaling analyses had been available in Fig.…”

Section: Displacement-length Scaling On Marsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures

Schultz

Hauber

Kattenhorn

et al. 2010

Journal of Structural Geology

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Section: Displacement-length Scaling On Marsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures

Schultz

Hauber

Kattenhorn

et al. 2010

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…[12] Tectonic normal faults are widely considered to follow a simple scaling relationship between maximum displacement and maximum dimension [Cowie and Scholz, 1992;Schultz et al, 2006]. For comparison, we plot the maximum throw d versus fault height H in Figure 2 for a collection of 629 faults in polygonal systems worldwide (Note: height H is measured in the vertical direction).…”

Section: Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement field in contraction‐driven faults

2010

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[1] We investigate the distribution of strain and deformation in the host sediment that arises once a contraction-driven shear fault has localized and propagated under a zero-lateral strain condition. Numerical modeling of displacement distributions compares well with those measured using 3D seismic data. The parameters that determine the displacement field for a single normal fault embedded in sediments are fault height, overburden effective stress, stiffness, and residual friction angle (or post-peak strength). Proximity to the free boundary biases the displacement pattern, which becomes asymmetric. Although the measured displacements and numerical predictions are similar, the measured magnitude requires pronounced low stiffness of the sediment as well as low post peak shear strength. This requirement suggests that sediments hosting contraction-driven shear faults most likely have high porosity and high clay fraction and have undergone diagenetic reactions involving significant mineral dissolution. The diagenetic evolution of the sediment and its current composition may explain the global scaling relationship between the measured displacement and fault height for polygonal fault systems.

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“…Compilation of data from a variety of settings and different types of faults [39][40][41][42], suggests that there are predictable scaling relationships between the length of a fault (L) and the maximum displacement along it (D), but that these relationships vary between different settings and, perhaps, different types of faults. However, the compiled data suggest that D/L relationships have the general form:…”

Section: Displacement-length Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Growth of Flexural Slip Fault-Bend and Fault-Propagation Folds and Their Geomorphic Expression

Bernal¹,

Hardy

Gawthorpe³

2018

Geosciences

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Abstract:The three-dimensional growth of fault-related folds is known to be an important process during the development of compressive mountain belts. However, comparatively little is known concerning the manner in which fold growth is expressed in topographic relief and local drainage networks. Here we report results from a coupled kinematic and surface process model of fault-related folding. We consider flexural slip fault-bend and fault-propagation folds that grow in both the transport and strike directions, linked to a surface process model that includes bedrock channel development and hillslope diffusion. We investigate various modes of fold growth under identical surface process conditions and critically analyse their geomorphic expression. Fold growth results in the development of steep forelimbs and gentler, wider backlimbs resulting in asymmetric drainage basin development (smaller basins on forelimbs, larger basins on backlimbs). However, topographies developed above fault-propagation folds are more symmetric than those developed above fault-bend folds as a result of their different forelimb kinematics. In addition, the surface expression of fault-bend and fault-propagation folds depends both on the slip distribution along the fault and on the style of fold growth. When along-strike plunge is a result of slip events with gently decreasing slip towards the fault tips (with or without lateral propagation), large plunge-panel drainage networks are developed at the expense of backpanel (transport-opposing) and forepanel (transport-facing) drainage basins. In contrast, if the fold grows as a result of slip events with similar displacements along strike, plunge-panel drainage networks are poorly developed (or are transient features of early fold growth) and restricted to lateral fold terminations, particularly when the number of propagation events is small. The absence of large-scale plunge-panel drainage networks in natural examples suggests that the latter mode of fold growth may be more common. The advective component of deformation (implicit in kink-band migration models of fault-bend and fault-propagation folding) exerts a strong control on drainage basin development. In particular, as drainage lengthens with fold growth, more linear, parallel drainage networks are developed as compared to the dendritic patterns developed above simple uplifting structures. Over the 1 Ma of their development the folds modelled here only attain partial topographic equilibrium, as new material is continually being advected through active axial surfaces on both fold limbs and faults are propagating in both the transport and strike directions. We also find that the position of drainage divides at the Earth's surface has a complex relationship to the underlying fold axial surface locations.

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Displacement-length scaling relations for faults on the terrestrial planets

Cited by 105 publications

References 64 publications

Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures

Interpretation and analysis of planetary structures

Displacement field in contraction‐driven faults

Three-Dimensional Growth of Flexural Slip Fault-Bend and Fault-Propagation Folds and Their Geomorphic Expression

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