Display daylight ambient contrast measurement methods and daylight readability

Kelley, Edward F.; Lindfors, Max; Penczek, John

doi:10.1889/1.2393026

Cited by 65 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Kelley et al [1] and Penczek et al [2, 3] presented a model of viewing scenario for see-through and opaque displays, assuming a single ambient light source. In their model, reflected light and transmitted light were computed based on reflectance and transmittance of the display, then they were linear superposed to the display generated onscreen light to estimate the real-world contrast performance of device based on the CR.…”

Section: Objective and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

72-4: New Contrast Metric for Realistic Display Performance Measure

Hwang

Peli

2016

SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers

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Section: Objective and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

72-4: New Contrast Metric for Realistic Display Performance Measure

Hwang

Peli

2016

SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers

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“…Recently, however, the 'ambient' contrast ratio (measured under ambient lighting conditions) has become more important, particularly for outdoor applications such as mobile displays and advertisement boards [70][71][72]. Compared to PDPs or CRT displays, LCDs have better contrast ratios under ambient conditions because, unlike PDPs and CRTs, the LCD does not use phosphor, which emits light when excited by ambient incident light [73].…”

Section: Contrast Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to PDPs or CRT displays, LCDs have better contrast ratios under ambient conditions because, unlike PDPs and CRTs, the LCD does not use phosphor, which emits light when excited by ambient incident light [73]. To further improve the ambient contrast ratio for LCDs, suitable surface treatments for reducing refl ections on the surface of the polarizer are currently under vigorous study [72]. Another important technology for improving the contrast ratio is the dynamic contrast ratio method, which involves localized dimming of the display using an image-synchronized backlight system.…”

Section: Contrast Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical evolution of liquid crystal displays

2009

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I n 1888, more than a century ago, the Austrian botanist FriedrichReinitzer discovered an intermediate state of matter between isotropic liquid and lattice-structured crystal [1][2][3]. Th is state, later termed liquid crystal (LC), remained merely a novelty for many years until suitable applications for the technology began to become apparent. From the late 1960s, following the realization that various display applications were possible, the popularity of liquid crystal as a research fi eld expanded rapidly, attracting the interest of many scientists who made fundamental contributions to the technologies that have led to the spectacular success of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Th e development of the twisted nematic (TN) [4] and supertwisted nematic (STN) [5] cell confi gurations, along with the necessary manufacturing technologies [6][7][8][9], resulted in the birth of the LCD industry in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The subsequent development of thin-film transistor (TFT) technology provided a further boost to the industry in the late 1980s [14,15]. Th e boom was signifi cantly supported by the advancement of material technologies such as the highly reliable manufacturing of liquid crystal base materials, and the development of polymers for the alignment layer, color fi lter materials, and sheet-type polarizers formed from the poly(vinyl alcohol)-iodine complex.In the 1990s, LCDs occupied an important position in the display market primarily through notebook applications, although the cathode ray tube (CRT) continued to dominate the desktop monitor and television markets. Th e plasma display panel (PDP), which appeared in the commercial market in 1997, pioneered the large-area fl at panel display market. It was widely predicted at the time that PDPs would maintain the lead in the large-area display market and that LCDs in small-display information technology (IT) applications would soon be replaced by new technologies such as displays based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [16,17]. Such predictions were based on the belief that the LCD technology suff ered from serious limitations in terms of both off -axis image quality and moving picture quality, and also that it had proved diffi cult to obtain reasonable manufacturing yields of large-area TFT panels. However, these predictions, as we now know, turned out to be incorrect. Th e application of LCDs has expanded rapidly in recent years from purely information technology (IT) applications to the television and mobile display markets, and now even to very-large-area digital information displays (DIDs).Interestingly, while LCDs penetrated the traditional territories of other display technologies including CRTs and PDPs, attracting inevitable and heavy competition from these technologies, the most critical competitors were in fact alternative LCD technologies. A range of LCD modes and technologies are now applied in the same areas of application and are compared directly with one another in the market. In applicat...

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“…[1] The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurement provides a great deal of information about a display's reflection properties. In principle, we can determine the reflectance of an arbitrary display device for any type of illumination source-detector geometry if we have its BRDF data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%