Display visual angle and attentional scanpaths on the span of apprehension task in schizophrenia.

Granholm, Eric; Asarnow, Robert F.; Marder, Stephen R.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.1.17

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This is consistent with reports of peripheral vision deficits in schizophrenia patients [9]–[11], [15]. Therefore, we hypothesized that sensory processing of information from the visual periphery would be impaired in schizophrenia patients and, as a result, crowding would be stronger than in healthy individuals.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Previous studies on visual information processing in schizophrenia have largely neglected peripheral vision, and information regarding the presence, extent and nature of peripheral visual dysfunction in schizophrenia is incomplete and inconsistent [9]–[15]. For example, although Miller et al [14] found no difference between central and peripheral visual processing in schizophrenia patients, Elahipanah et al [10] found disproportionately large deficits when target stimuli were located peripherally, and Granholm et al [11] identified peripheral deficits in schizophrenia patients that were most prominent when object density in the visual field was high. It therefore appears as though peripheral vision may be impaired in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crowding Deficits in the Visual Periphery of Schizophrenia Patients

et al. 2012

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Accumulating evidence suggests that basic visual information processing is impaired in schizophrenia. However, deficits in peripheral vision remain largely unexplored. Here we hypothesized that sensory processing of information in the visual periphery would be impaired in schizophrenia patients and, as a result, crowding – the breakdown in target recognition that occurs in cluttered visual environments – would be stronger. Therefore, we assessed visual crowding in the peripheral vision of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Subjects were asked to identify a target letter that was surrounded by distracter letters of similar appearance. Targets and distracters were displayed at 8° and 10° of visual angle from the fixation point (eccentricity), and target-distracter spacing was 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7° or 8° of visual angle. Eccentricity and target-distracter spacing were randomly varied. Accuracy was defined as the proportion of correctly identified targets. Critical spacing was defined as the spacing at which target identification accuracy began to deteriorate, and was assessed at viewing eccentricities of 8° and 10°. Schizophrenia patients were less accurate and showed a larger critical spacing than healthy individuals. These results indicate that crowding is stronger and sensory processing of information in the visual periphery is impaired in schizophrenia. This is in line with previous reports of preferential magnocellular dysfunction in schizophrenia. Thus, deficits in peripheral vision may account for perceptual alterations and contribute to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowding Deficits in the Visual Periphery of Schizophrenia Patients

et al. 2012

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“…One of the major determinants of deficient performance on the partial report version of the SPAN task is proposed to be in some aspect of serial scanning processes (Asarnow et al , 1991). Support for serial scanning being central in the SPAN task is found in studies of scanpaths that show that people in general tend to make more mistakes in the bottom than in the top quadrants (Estes & Taylor, 1964; Granholm, Asarnow & Marder, 1996; Asarnow & Sherman, 1984). It has also been shown that it is in the larger array conditions (10‐ and 12‐letters), requiring a high processing load, that schizophrenic patients are best discriminated from non‐psychiatric individuals (Asarnow et al ., 1981; Granholm et al , 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modification of performance on the Span of Apprehension Task in a group of young people with early onset psychosis

Ueland

Rund

Borg

et al. 2004

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The aim of the study was to examine the effect of contingent monetary reinforcement and enhanced instructions on Span of Apprehension (SPAN) performance in a group of young people with early onset psychosis. Twenty-five participants (mean age 16.7) received a 3- and 12-letter version of the SPAN task six times: baseline, three x intervention, post-test, and 10-day follow-up. No significant effects of time were found in the 3-letter condition, indicating a ceiling effect for accuracy. In the 12-letter condition detection rates improved significantly reaching a maximum at the third intervention (p < 0.001). Performance showed a temporary decline at post-test, but performance returned to the maximum level at the 10-day follow-up. The study suggests that SPAN performance can be improved in young people with early onset psychosis using relatively simple interventions and that performance gains are relatively durable.

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“…Two of the studies (Elahipanah et al 2010; Granholm et al 1996) showed that patients had degraded performance for detecting peripheral visual targets, but another study (Miller et al 1990) showed relatively intact visual detection in periphery. Interestingly, under backward masking conditions, both patients (Butler et al 1996; Green et al 1994a) and their siblings (Green et al 1997; Green et al 2006; Sponheim et al 2013) showed impairments in perception of the target location and target identification, with the targets presented at multiple possible peripheral locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged temporal interaction for peripheral visual processing in schizophrenia: Evidence from a three-flash illusion

Chen

Norton

Stromeyer

2014

Schizophrenia Research

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Background Coherent perception of the visual world requires orderly processing of spatially and temporally distributed visual information across the visual field. The organization of this visual information is impaired in schizophrenia. We previously found that visual temporal integration in patients is prolonged, using flashes presented to the central fovea. In this study, we investigated this temporal interaction in both the fovea and fairly far out in the peripheral visual field. Methods We used a ‘three-flash’ illusion paradigm in which two spatially-coincident light pulses (of 1 msec each) are perceived by healthy individuals as one, two or three flashes depending on the time interval between the pulses. In each trial, two light pulses were presented in the fovea or 34° out in the right visual field. The inter-stimulus pulse interval (ISI) ranged from 30 to 310 msec. The task for patients (n=28) and controls (n=26) was to indicate the number of flashes (one, two or three) perceived after each two-pulse presentation. Results For the controls, the peak of three-flash illusion were shifted to longer ISIs (150 msec) in the periphery compared to the fovea (110 msec). For the patients, the three-flash illusion was greater and occurred at longer ISIs (270 msec in the periphery and 190 msec at the fovea). Conclusion Compared to central visual field, the range of temporal interactions in the periphery is prolonged to a greater extent in schizophrenia. This exacerbated temporal expansion in peripheral vision suggests a coarse temporal resolution for visual and cognitive organization in this mental disorder.

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Display visual angle and attentional scanpaths on the span of apprehension task in schizophrenia.

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Crowding Deficits in the Visual Periphery of Schizophrenia Patients

Crowding Deficits in the Visual Periphery of Schizophrenia Patients

Modification of performance on the Span of Apprehension Task in a group of young people with early onset psychosis

Prolonged temporal interaction for peripheral visual processing in schizophrenia: Evidence from a three-flash illusion

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