The Ribeira Valley is in the southern region of the state of São Paulo and is home to the largest continuous and conserved extension of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The local economy is focused on primary activities, such as mining and bananas (Musa sp) and palm heart (Arecaceae) cultivation, which have a potential impact on the local ichthyofauna. In addition to these activities, the River Ribeira is home to an array of exotic and allochthonous fish, in addition to native fauna. Both artisanal and recreational fishing also take place in the river, which ensures the livelihood of fishers´ families, Indigenous peoples and Quilombolas in the region, either by supplying food from capture fishery or from sports activities. Between 2014 and 2018, scientific fisheries used gillnets and cast nets in places close to sand mining areas and points upstream of them. The fish were identified and their weights were taken. Based on the fishing efforts (net area multiplied by exposure time) and fish biomass values, the CPUE was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that only the origin of the fish was significant, in which the abundance of exotic/ allochthonous fish was higher than that of native fish (p=0.000). The ANCOVA showed that the average biomass of the fish grouped in this category was also higher than the average biomass of native fish (p=0.000), as well as the fishing effort (p=0.000). Despite constant pressures on the local fauna, non-native fish are a matter of more serious concern, which may compromise their abundance and distribution of native fish in the future. It is worth mentioning that the recent dredging promoted by the state government, aiming at deepening the riverbed of the River Ribeira, was not evaluated in this work and its possible impacts, as well as the constant mining operations, require constant studies.