Disposable Ordos: The making of an energy resource frontier in western China

Woodworth, Max D.

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.04.007

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Having a large number of initial natural resource endowments can improve economic agents' opportunities to quickly obtain scarce resources (such as labor and capital) (Mitchener & McLean, 2003), which brings unexpected wealth to the region. The development of abundant natural resources can attract a large number of laborers to participate in their extraction or exploitation (Ge & Lei, 2013;Woodworth, 2017). As long as the local labor supply is not completely elastic, the increase in labor demand in the natural resources sector will push up local wages (Allcott & Keniston, 2018;Michaels, 2011), so as to attract more labor and improve the local employment level (Allcott & Keniston, 2018;Jacobsen & Parker, 2016;Ge & Lei, 2013;Weber, 2012).…”

Section: The Moderating Role Of Natural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As long as the local labor supply is not completely elastic, the increase in labor demand in the natural resources sector will push up local wages (Allcott & Keniston, 2018;Michaels, 2011), so as to attract more labor and improve the local employment level (Allcott & Keniston, 2018;Jacobsen & Parker, 2016;Ge & Lei, 2013;Weber, 2012). There is a shift in the workforce, where workers transition from low-productivity agriculture to formal high-value-added activities, which promotes urbanization and the agglomeration effect (Cavalcanti et al, 2019;Ge & Lei, 2013;Woodworth, 2017). The increase in local government budgets and the consequent increase in public expenditure can have a positive impact (Aragon et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Moderating Role Of Natural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncoordinated urbanization and economic growth—The moderating role of natural resources

2021

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Malthusian population theory states that, when population growth exceeds the growth of the means of production, socioeconomic development will be hindered. This paper analyzes this issue from the perspective of uncoordinated urbanization. We used the data available for 262 cities at the prefecture level and above in China, for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. We empirically investigated the relationship between uncoordinated urbanization and urban economic growth. We also examined how this relationship is affected by natural resource constraints. The research results show that there are temporal and spatial differences in the distribution of uncoordinated urbanization in China. From a temporal

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Section: The Moderating Role Of Natural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Moderating Role Of Natural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncoordinated urbanization and economic growth—The moderating role of natural resources

2021

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“…Conceived of as a "spatial edge of accumulation processes" (Woodworth, 2017: 135), frontiers are places of ongoing appropriation, commodification, and enclosure (De Angelis, 2004;Knuth, 2015;Rasmussen and Lund, 2018;Watts, 2012). Resource-making is central to such frontiers (Rasmussen and Lund, 2018), where spaces are reconfigured to make resources like oil (Watts, 2012) and coal (Woodworth, 2017) available for accumulation. Creating negawatts as resources available to IOUs for accumulation reconfigures the spaces of homes, businesses, and IOUs, as well as the relationships between them.…”

Section: Negawatt Frontier Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andrews and McCarthy, 2014;Bebbington, 2013;Bridge, 2009b;Bridge and Le Billon, 2013;Emel and Huber, 2008;Emel et al, 2011;Labban, 2014;Mommer, 2002;Zalik, 2009), and frontiers (e.g. Bridge, 2014;Rasmussen and Lund, 2018;Tsing, 2003;Watts, 2012;Woodworth, 2017) more commonly applied to subsurface minerals and fuels. This scholarship on the geographies of more traditional subsurface resources is useful for understanding this case because it highlights the ways REPS facilitates the extraction of negawatts from private spaces by granting IOUs an enhanced (albeit incomplete) monopoly right of extraction; the comparison also illuminates the ways IOUs use technologies and measurement techniques as negawatt mine shafts and refineries and how this growth strategy creates a new resource frontier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negawatt resource frontiers: Extracting energy efficiency from private spaces

Thoyre

2020

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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Energy saved through efficiency and conservation efforts is often framed as a “resource” in climate change mitigation policies because of the ways such “negawatts” can cost-effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research uses a case study of a US state alternative energy portfolio standard under which negawatts have been turned into new sources of profits for investor-owned electricity companies. Using archival policymaking data and analytical tools commonly used in the study of more traditional subsurface resources like fossil fuels, this paper analyzes how such companies have come to profit from negawatts. I show that, under this portfolio standard, negawatts are largely embedded in electricity customers’ private spaces, presenting a private property problem for capital accumulation similar to the challenge faced by capital seeking to extract more traditional subsurface resources. I argue that electricity companies resolve the negawatt private property problem in two ways. First, they discursively move negawatts out of private spaces through comparisons with resources like oil and gas. Second, the portfolio standard itself can be seen as granting electricity companies an enhanced spatial monopoly on negawatt extraction that functions like a mining concession. These discourses and regulations create a new and growing resource frontier which is likely to be a key accumulation space in the low-carbon economy. I conclude with recommendations for a more socially just and “deeper” politics of energy efficiency extraction.

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“…In addition, western China is also rich in energy resources, such as oil and gas. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Chinese government applied energy development as part of the regional development strategy in northwest China [41]. In India, the fastest light variation rate occurs in the states of the northeast and west such as Sikkim, Goa, and Dadra-Nagar Haveli, which are growing faster than developed states such as Chandigarh, Kerala, and Maharashtra.…”

Section: Provincial Differential Evolution Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison on Multi-Scale Urban Expansion Derived from Nightlight Imagery between China and India

et al. 2019

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“The Dragon and the Elephant” between China and India is an important manifestation of global multipolarization in the 21st century. As engines of global economic growth, the two rising powers have followed similar courses of development but possess important differences in modes of development and urban development, which have attracted the widespread attention of scholars. From a geospatial perspective, and based on continuous annual night light data (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System, DMSP-OLS) from 1992 to 2012, this paper conducts a multi-scale comparative analysis of urban development differences between China and India by employing various approaches such as the Gini coefficient, Getis–Ord Gi* index, and the Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII). The results show that: (1) The urban land space of the two countries expand rapidly, with the average annual expansion rate of China and India being 5.24% and 3.85%, respectively. The urban land expansion rate in China is 1.36 times faster than that in India. Resource-typed towns in arid northwest China and the resource-typed towns in central India have developed rapidly in recent years. (2) The unbalanced development in India is more prominent than in China; and the regional and provincial development imbalances in China are shrinking, while India’s imbalances are improving slowly and its regional differences are gradually widening. (3) The spatial pattern of land use in both countries shows significant coastal and inland differences. The difference between the east, the central regions, and the west is the main spatial pattern of China’s regional development, while the difference between the north and the south is the spatial pattern of India’s regional development. (4) There are obvious differences in the expansion intensity of core cities between the two countries. From 1997 to 2007, the expansion intensity of core cities in China was relatively higher than that in India, while that in India was relatively higher than that in China from 2007 to 2012.

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Disposable Ordos: The making of an energy resource frontier in western China

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Uncoordinated urbanization and economic growth—The moderating role of natural resources

Uncoordinated urbanization and economic growth—The moderating role of natural resources

Negawatt resource frontiers: Extracting energy efficiency from private spaces

Comparison on Multi-Scale Urban Expansion Derived from Nightlight Imagery between China and India

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