Disposition Kinetics and Optimal Dosage of Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Domestic Ruminant Species

Abstract

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the disposition kinetics and optimal dosages of ciprofloxacin in healthy domestic ruminant species including adult female buffalo, cow, sheep and goat. The drug was given as a single intramuscular dose of 5 mg/kg. The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC and pharmacokinetic variables were determined. The biological half-life (t 1/2 ß) was longer in cows (3.25 ± 0.46 h) followed by intermediate values in buffaloes (3.05 ± 0.20 h) and sheep (2.93 ± 0.45 h) and shorter in goats (2.62 ± 0.39 h). The volume of distribution (V d ) in buffaloes was 1.09 ± 0.06 l/kg, cows 1.24 ± 0.16 l/kg, sheep 2.89 ± 0.30 l/kg and goats 3.76 ± 0.92 l/kg. Total body clearance (Cl B ) expressed in l/h/kg was minimum in buffaloes 0.25 ± 0.02 followed by values in cows 0.31 ± 0.02 and sheep 0.75 ± 0.04 and maximum in goats 1.09 ± 0.11.An optimal dosage regimen for 12-h interval consisted of 5.17, 5.62, 6.54 and 6.10 mg/kg body weight as priming and 4.84, 5.37, 6.26 and 5.91 mg/kg body weight as maintenance intramuscular dose in buffalo, cow, sheep and goat, respectively. The manufacturers of ciprofloxacin have claimed 5 mg/kg dose to be repeated after 24 h. However, the investigated dosage regimen may be repeated after 12 h to maintain MIC at the end of the dosage interval. Therefore, it is imperative that an optimal dosage regimen be based on the disposition kinetics data determined in the species and environment in which a drug is to be employed clinically.

Pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic integration of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in buffalo calves

“…Pharmacokinetics Upon single administration of enrofloxacin (7.5 mg kg À1 body weight), concentrationthe time curve was plotted and compartments were decided by visual fit. in confirmation with previous study where kinetics in several ruminant species was conducted after administration of ciprofloxacin intramuscularly (Javed et al 2009). Ahangar & Srivastava (2000) also reported the two-compartment model for enrofloxacin following i.v.…”

“…The two‐compartment open model followed in the present study was in confirmation with previous study where kinetics in several ruminant species was conducted after administration of ciprofloxacin intramuscularly (Javed et al . ). Ahangar & Srivastava () also reported the two‐compartment model for enrofloxacin following i.v.…”

“…() in buffalo calves; Javed et al . () in ruminants; Dumka & Srivastava () in cross bred calves for various fluoroquinolones.…”

“…In such a situation, multiple administrations become necessary so as to maintain the plasma/serum concentration in the animal body for effective treatment. The priming and maintenance dose were also calculated by Ram et al (2010) in buffalo calves; Javed et al (2009) in ruminants; Dumka & Srivastava (2013) in cross bred calves for various fluoroquinolones.…”

A modified high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of skatole and indole in porcine plasma

“…Thus, blood may be a suitable site for skatole and indole measurements because it can provide information about the contents of those compounds in adipose tissue. In fact, blood plasma is an increasingly used biological material to determine physiological status of the organism by quantification of plasma concentrations of various components (Blahova et al 2007;Javed et al 2009;Petrovic et al 2009).…”