Disposition Kinetics of Ivermectin (Ivomec Super®) Following Single Dose 	Subcutaneous Administration in Cattle Calves

Sakthikarthikeyan, S.; Ahmad, A. H.; Kannan, Karuppiah

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.906.495

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The effectiveness of endectocides is linked to their pharmacokinetics, which vary across different species [ 59 ]. The route of administration also has a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of endectocides [ 60 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of cattle-administered ivermectin and fipronil on the mortality and fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton

2021

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Background Malaria control primarily depends on two vector control strategies: indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Both IRS and LLIN target indoor-biting mosquitoes. However, some of the most important malaria vectors have developed resistance against the chemical compounds used in IRS and LLINs. Insecticide-induced behavioural changes in vectors, such as increased outdoor feeding on cattle and other animals, also limit the effectiveness of these strategies. Novel vector control strategies must therefore be found to complement IRS and LLINs. A promising tool is the use of cattle-applied endectocides. Endectocides are broad-spectrum systemic drugs that are effective against a range of internal nematodes parasites and blood-feeding arthropods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two endectocide drugs, injectable ivermectin and topical fipronil, on the survival and fecundity of zoophilic Anopheles arabiensis. Methods Laboratory-reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on cattle treated with either injectable ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), topical fipronil (1.0 mg/kg) or saline (control) on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 13, 21 and 25 post-treatment, and mortality and egg production were recorded daily. Results Compared to controls, the mortality of An. arabiensis increased by 3.52- and 2.43-fold with injectable ivermectin and topical fipronil, respectively. The overall fecundity of mosquitoes that fed on both ivermectin- and fipronil-treated cattle was significantly reduced by up to 90 and 60%, respectively, compared to the control group. The effects of both drugs attenuated over a period of 3 weeks. Injectable ivermectin was more effective than topical fipronil and increased mosquito mortality by a risk factor of 1.51 higher than fipronil. Similarly, both drugs significantly reduced the fecundity of An. arabiensis. Conclusions This study demonstrates that injectable ivermectin and topical fipronil are able to suppress An. arabiensis density and could help to reduce outdoor malaria transmission. Data from the present study as well as from other similar studies suggest that current-generation endectocides have a limited duration of action and are expensive. However, new-generation, sustained-release formulations of ivermectin have a multi-week, high mortality impact on vector populations, thus holding promise of an effective reduction of outdoor malaria transmission. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topical treatment results in exposure to environmental degradation, such as mechanical removal by rain [ 62 ]. Factors such as body weight, nutrition type and physiological status also lead to variation in drug concentrations within individuals of the same species [ 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cattle-administered ivermectin and fipronil on the mortality and fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton

2021

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show abstract

“…The effectiveness of endectocides is linked with their pharmacokinetics, which vary across different species [41]. The route of administration also has a signi cant effect on the pharmacokinetics of endectocides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topical treatment results in exposure to environmental degradation such as mechanical removal by rain (Cid et al 2016). Factors such as body weight, nutrition type and physiological status also lead to variation in drug concentrations within individuals of the same species [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cattle-administered ivermectin and fipronil on the mortality and fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton.

Makhanthisa

Braack²,

Lutermann

2021

Preprint

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Background Malaria control primarily depends on two vector control strategies; indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN). Both IRS and LLIN target indoor-biting mosquitoes. However, some of the most important malaria vectors have developed resistance against the chemical compounds used in IRS and LLIN’s. Insecticides-induced behavioural changes in vectors, such as increased outdoor feeding on cattle and other animals also limit the effectiveness of these strategies. Novel vector control strategies must therefore be found to complement IRS and LLIN’s. A promising tool is the use of cattle-applied endectocides. Endectocides are broad-spectrum systemic drugs effective against a range of internal nematodes parasites and blood-feeding arthropods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two endectocide drugs, ivermectin and fipronil, on the survival and fecundity of zoophilic Anopheles arabiensis. Methods Laboratory-reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on cattle treated with either ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), fipronil (1.0 mg/kg) or saline (Control) on day 0, 1, 4, 7, 13, 21 and 25 post-treatment and mortality and egg production were recorded daily. Results Compared to controls, the mortality of An. arabiensis increased 3.52 and 2.43 times with ivermectin and fipronil, respectively. The overall fecundity of mosquitoes that fed on both ivermectin- and fipronil-treated cattle was significantly reduced by up to 90% and 60%, respectively, compared to the control group. The effects of both drugs attenuated over a period of 3 weeks. Ivermectin was more effective than fipronil and increased mosquito mortality by a risk factor of 1.51 higher than fipronil. Similarly, both drugs significantly reduced the fecundity of An. Arabiensis. Conclusions This study demonstrated that ivermectin and fipronil are able to suppress An. arabiensis density and could help to reduce outdoor malaria transmission. The data from the current study as well as other similar studies suggest that current-generation endectocides have limited-duration action and are expensive. However, new-generation sustained-release formulations of ivermectin have multi-week high mortality impact on vector populations, thus holding promise of effective reduction of outdoor malaria transmission.

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Disposition Kinetics of Ivermectin (Ivomec Super®) Following Single Dose Subcutaneous Administration in Cattle Calves

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of cattle-administered ivermectin and fipronil on the mortality and fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton

The effect of cattle-administered ivermectin and fipronil on the mortality and fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton

The effect of cattle-administered ivermectin and fipronil on the mortality and fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton.

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