Dispositional fear, negative affectivity, and neuroimaging response to visually suppressed emotional faces

Vizueta, Nathalie; Patrick, Christopher J.; Jiang, Yi; Thomas, Kathleen M.; He, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.015

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Enhanced activity in this subcortical pathway has been repeatedly reported during nonconscious perception of static facial and whole-body expressions of fear and joy in blindsight patients (20,25,27) as well as in healthy subjects in whom nonconscious perception was induced by experimental manipulations such as visual masking (19,21,23), binocular rivalry (33,34), or flash suppression (35). Consistent with these data, recent anatomical studies revealed the existence of direct anatomical connections between the SC, Pulv, and Amg in nonhuman primates (36), and in vivo tractography found the same connections in healthy human subjects and in patient GY (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Stock

Tamietto

Sorger

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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Patients with striate cortex damage and clinical blindness retain the ability to process certain visual properties of stimuli that they are not aware of seeing. Here we investigated the neural correlates of residual visual perception for dynamic whole-body emotional actions. Angry and neutral emotional whole-body actions were presented in the intact and blind visual hemifield of a cortically blind patient with unilateral destruction of striate cortex. Comparisons of angry vs. neutral actions performed separately in the blind and intact visual hemifield showed in both cases increased activation in primary somatosensory, motor, and premotor cortices. Activations selective for intact hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were located subcortically in the right lateral geniculate nucleus and cortically in the superior temporal sulcus, prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and intraparietal sulcus. Activations specific for blind hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were found in the bilateral superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, amygdala, and right fusiform gyrus. Direct comparison of emotional modulation in the blind vs. intact visual hemifield revealed selective activity in the right superior colliculus and bilateral pulvinar for angry expressions, thereby showing a selective involvement of these subcortical structures in nonconscious visual emotion perception.blindsight | body expressions | consciousness T he visual system encompasses a number of parallel visual pathways (1) of which the primary geniculostriate system processes a wide range of stimulus attributes. Other extrageniculostriate visual routes likely have a much more narrowly specified function, as indicated by their sensitivity to a limited range of spatial frequencies (2), spectral components (3), or motion parameters (4). However, we do not yet have a clear understanding of how these different extrageniculostriate pathways and the visual attributes they process match. Some visual attributes can also be processed by both the geniculostriate pathway and a more specialized extrageniculostriate one.One important example is movement perception. As originally discovered by Kohler and Held (5), movement perception elicits significant qualitative and quantitative differences at the neural as well as at behavioral level compared with static stimuli in the intact brain. These differences likely reflect the high evolutionary value of movement perception and may be especially important for understanding residual visual abilities in the case of striate cortex (V1) damage. In fact, after V1 damage, cortically blind patients retain a limited visual ability for movement discrimination (4, 6-9), akin to what has been previously observed in animals with V1 destruction (10,11). This spared ability to process simple movement is probably based on the extrageniculostriate connections that motion-sensitive human middle temporal/V5 complex (hMT/V5) has with subcortical structures like the lateral geniculate nucleus ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Stock

Tamietto

Sorger

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This consid eration is particularly important given that even when behavioral correlates of semantic processing are eliminated, electrophysiological correlates may still be present (Heil, Rolke, & Pecchinenda, 2004) . Likewise, studies have reported differential amygdala activation to threatening and neutral stimuli under binocular rivalry (e.g., Pasley, Mayes, & Schultz, 2004;Vizueta et al, 2012). With both these ERP and fMRI measures it is important to consider that any pair of stimuli may induce differ ential activation at the neural level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, studies employing CFS in conjunction with functional MRI (fMRI) have recorded differential amygdala re sponses to invisible fearful and neutral faces Vizueta, Patrick, Jiang, Thomas, & He, 2012). However, these studies did not report convergent changes in behavior or auto nomic physiological arousal that characterize functional threat responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic arousal and attentional orienting to visual threat are predicted by awareness.

Hedger¹,

Adams²,

Garner³

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The rapid detection and evaluation of threat is of fundamental importance for survival. Theories suggest that this evolutionary pressure has driven functional adaptations in a specialized visual pathway that evaluates threat independently of conscious awareness. This is supported by evidence that threat-relevant stimuli rendered invisible by backward masking can induce physiological fear responses and modulate spatial attention. The validity of these findings has since been questioned by research using stringent, objective measures of awareness. Here, we use a modified continuous flash suppression paradigm to ask whether threatening images induce adaptive changes in autonomic arousal, attention, or perception when presented outside of awareness. In trials where stimuli broke suppression to become visible, threatening stimuli induced a significantly larger skin conductance response than nonthreatening stimuli and attracted spatial attention over scrambled images. However, these effects were eliminated in trials where observers were unaware of the stimuli. In addition, concurrent behavioral data provided no evidence that threatening images gained prioritized access to awareness. Taken together, our data suggest that the evaluation and spatial detection of visual threat are predicted by awareness.

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“…For CFS and related phenomena, fMRI studies have used anaglyphs (Bahrami et al, 2007;Jiang & He, 2006;Tse et al, 2005;Vizueta et al, 2012;Watanabe et al, 2011;Williams et al, 2004), the mirror stereoscope , prism stereoscopes (Schurger et al, 2010;Yuval-Greenberg & Heeger, 2013) and HMDs (Troiani & Schultz, 2013).…”

Section: Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

et al. 2013

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Binocular rivalry (BR) is an intriguing phenomenon that occurs when two different images are presented, one to each eye, resulting in alternation or rivalry between the percepts. The phenomenon has been studied for nearly 200 years, with renewed and intensive investigation over recent decades. The rate of perceptual switching has long been known to vary widely between individuals but to be relatively stable within individuals. A recent twin study demonstrated that individual variation in BR rate is under substantial genetic control, a finding that also represented the first report, using a large study, of genetic contribution for any post-retinal visual processing phenomenon. The twin study had been prompted by earlier work showing BR rate was slow in the heritable psychiatric condition, bipolar disorder (BD). Together, these studies suggested that slow BR may represent an endophenotype for BD, and heralded the advent of modern clinical and genetic studies of rivalry. This new focus has coincided with rapid advances in 3D display technology, but despite such progress, specific development of technology for rivalry research has been lacking. This review therefore compares different display methods for BR research across several factors, including viewing parameters, image quality, equipment cost, compatibility with other investigative methods, subject group, and sample size, with a focus on requirements specific to large-scale clinical and genetic studies. It is intended to be a resource for investigators new to BR research, such as clinicians and geneticists, and to stimulate the development of 3D display technology for advancing interdisciplinary studies of rivalry.

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Dispositional fear, negative affectivity, and neuroimaging response to visually suppressed emotional faces

Cited by 52 publications

References 82 publications

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Autonomic arousal and attentional orienting to visual threat are predicted by awareness.

Dichoptic Viewing Methods for Binocular Rivalry Research: Prospects for Large-Scale Clinical and Genetic Studies

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