Dispositions and residue depletion of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in muscle tissue of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Abstract

Fates and residue depletion of enrofloxacin (ER) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CP) were examined in giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, following either single oral (p.o.) administration of ER at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) or medicated-feed treatment at the feeding concentration of 5 g/kg of feed for five consecutive days. The concentrations of ER and CP in prawn muscle tissues were measured simultaneously using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector. Muscle tissue concentrations of ER and CP were below the detection limit (LOD, 0.015 microg/g for ER; 0.025 microg/g for CP) after 360 and 42 h, following single p.o. administration respectively. Peak muscle concentration (C(max)) of ER was 1.98 +/- 0.22 microg/g whereas CP was measurable at concentrations close to the detection limit of the analytical method after p.o. administration at a single dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w. The concentration of ER in prawn muscle tissue with respect to time was analyzed with a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model. The elimination half-life and area under the curve of ER were 39.33 +/- 7.27 h and 168.7 +/- 28.7 microg x h/g after p.o. administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg x b.w. respectively. In medicated-feed treated group, ER was detectable in prawn muscle tissue 11 days postdosing at the dose of 5 g/kg of feed for five consecutive days, which is the value corresponding to the maximum residue limit (MRL) of ER in animal products. The maximum concentrations of ER and CP were 2.77 +/- 0.91 and 0.06 +/- 0.006 microg/g during medicated-feed treatment and postdosing respectively. The values of elimination half-life and absorption half-life of ER after single p.o. administration at a dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w. corresponded well with the values determined from medicated-feed treated group, showing 41.01 +/- 6.62 and 11.36 +/- 3.15 h respectively in M. rosenbergii. Based on data derived from this study, to avoid the ER residue in prawn muscle, it should take at least 11 days postcessation of medicated feed containing ER at the dose concentration of 5 g/kg of feed twice a day at a rate of 1% of total body weight for five consecutive days to wash out the drug from the muscle of M. rosenbergii.

Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method

“…The maximum CF concentration level corresponds to about 1% of the maximum EF concentration detected in giant freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ), indicating that EF is almost not metabolized into CF, and even less than in Tra catfish. These results are in good agreement with other studies of the literature, reporting that some animal species, such as giant freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) and Chinese shrimp ( Penaeus chinensis ), metabolize EF into CF at very low concentration (<5%) (Poapolathep et al. , 2009; Xu et al.…”

“…, 1992). Another kinetics study carried out on giant freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) (Poapolathep et al. , 2009), treated with EF‐medicated feed (5 g/kg feed) in cement ponds, showed comparable results for EF and CF kinetics in muscle tissue, with a peak of concentration for EF at about 2700 μg/kg after 5 days of contamination and concentrations above the MRL value for 11 days.…”

“…There are no reports concerning the pharmacokinetics of EF and CF in Tra catfish ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ). One EF pharmacokinetics study was recently reported for the giant freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the residue detection (Poapolathep et al. , 2009).…”

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Atlantic horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) after single injection

“…Teleosts such as the red pacu ( Colossoma brachypomum ), European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ), and Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) all convert enrofloxacin into ciprofloxacin, while the seabream ( Sparus aurata ) does not (Della Rocca, Di Salvo, Malvisi, & Sello, ; Intorre et al., ; Lewbart et al., ; Liang, Li, Zhao, Liu, & Chang, ; Xu, Zhu, Wang, Deng, & Zhang, ). Invertebrates such as the Chinese mitten‐handed crab, giant freshwater prawn, ridgetail white prawn, and Chinese shrimp ( Penaeus chinensis ) convert enrofloxacin into ciprofloxacin, while the European cuttlefish, Manila clam, and green sea urchin do not (Chang et al., ; Gore et al., ; Liang et al., ; Phillips et al., ; Poapolathep et al., ; Wu et al., ; Xu et al., ). The horseshoe crabs had a higher concentration of ciprofloxacin than these other species when one compares the AUC of ciprofloxacin to the AUC of enrofloxacin.…”

On the Extraction of Antibiotics from Shrimps Prior to Chromatographic Analysis

“…Analysis was carried out by a HPLC system coupled with a fluorescence detector, separation was achieved by a PLRP-S column (5 µm, 4.6ˆ150 mm) with a RP18-E guard column (5 µm, 4ˆ40 mm) (Polymer Laboratories Inc., Church Stretton, UK), and the mobile phase consisted of orthophosphoric acid, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran (gradient elution). The LOD was 0.015, 0.025 µg/g for ENR and CIP, respectively [32].…”