Dispositivo para medir tiempo y temperatura usando un microcontrolador

Abstract

En este trabajo se desarrolló un dispositivo de adquisición de datos, de bajo costo y fácil manejo, para usar en experimentos de física donde se requiera medir tiempo o temperatura, conformado por tres equipos principales: (i) Sensores para medir las variables físicas de tiempo y temperatura; (ii) Una tarjeta de adquisición con microcontrolador para el manejo de instrucciones y (iii) Una computadora para el almacenamiento de datos. El sensor, compuesto de un infrarrojo y un fototransistor, cambia su estado lógico al interrumpir la señal. La tarjeta que se utiliza incluye un microcontrolador de la marca Microchip, PIC18F14K50, el cual contiene comparadores, convertidores de análogo a digital, temporizadores y puerto de comunicación USB (Universal Serial Bus). El computador se usó como una herramienta de almacenamiento de datos y visualización de variables a través de una hoja de cálculo. La programación del microcontrolador se hizo con software MPLAB X de licencia gratuita. La funcionalidad del dispositivo se verificó en el experimento de caída libre para determinar el valor de la aceleración gravitacional. Palabras clave: Sistema de adquisición de datos, Sensor, Microcontrolador.In this paper a device of data acquisition with low cost and easy management was developed for using in experiments of physics where time or temperature measurement is required. The device is composed by three main parts: (i) sensors to measure the physical variables of time and temperature; (ii) a data acquisition card with microcontroller to manage commands and (iii) a computer in order to store data. The sensor, composed by an infrared and a phototransistor, changes its logical state when the signal is interrupted. The board used includes a microcontroller of Microchip brand, PIC18F14K50, which has comparators, analog to digital converters, timers and an Universal Serial Bus (USB) port. The computer was used as a tool to store data and see variables by means of a spreadsheet. The microcontroller programming was made with MPLABX software of free license. The usefulness of the device was tested in the free fall experiment in order to determine the value of the gravitational acceleration.

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Introducing programmable logic devices in physics laboratories: a practical guide for the implementation of experiments

“…Wireless Sensors Network is an interesting possibility for the implementation in electronic monitoring of sensors [6]. Microcontrolled systems for the control of experiments have been frequently reported in the literature [7,8]. Nowadays, the Arduino is a platform much used due to the easy of the programming and low-cost [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Analyzing Atmospheric Pressure Variations in Time and Height: a Didactic Proposal Employing a Smartphone Barometer

“…The use of technological resources in physics teaching and other disciplines occupies an ever-increasing important space in education, especially in laboratory practices. Their use started about 30 years ago with the introduction of computers in laboratory educational practices [1,2] and, more recently, with the popularization of electronic platforms such as Arduino [3][4][5][6], programmable logic devices [7], and microcontrollers [8][9][10]. Currently, familiarity and access to smartphones are the main contributing factors for their educational use in physics laboratories, mainly due to the possibility of installing applications (many free) that allow to instrumentalize the device and render it useful for teaching, as can be verified in many physics topics [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”